Heinonen P K, Pihkala H
Ann Chir Gynaecol Suppl. 1985;197:31-5.
Active management of the third stage of 62 944 labours over a period of 15 years (1970-84) constituted an intramuscularly administered combination of ergometrine (0.2 mg) and oxytocin (5 units), and controlled cord traction as mechanical assistance in delivery of the placenta. By these means manual removal of the placenta was performed in 0.67% of all deliveries, uterine inversion was found in 5 cases (1 in 12 588 deliveries) and blood transfusion necessary in 1.67% of all deliveries during puerperium. Oxytocin injection of 40-100 units into the umbilical vein of the retained placenta was performed in 40 cases. In 12 (30%) of these cases the placenta was separated by this new method. Previous use of intrauterine devices was a new etiological factor in the abnormally adherent placenta.
在15年（1970 - 1984年）期间，对62944例分娩的第三产程进行积极管理，采用肌肉注射麦角新碱（0.2毫克）和缩宫素（5单位）的联合用药，并在胎盘娩出时采用控制脐带牵引作为机械辅助手段。通过这些方法，在所有分娩中，0.67%的产妇需要进行人工剥离胎盘，发现5例子宫内翻（每12588例分娩中有1例），产后1.67%的产妇需要输血。对40例胎盘滞留产妇，经脐静脉注射40 - 100单位缩宫素。其中12例（30%）通过这种新方法使胎盘分离。宫内节育器的既往使用是胎盘异常粘连的一个新的病因因素。
