Counsilman J J, Mackay E V
Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 1985 May;25(2):101-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1479-828x.1985.tb00617.x.
1,790 postpartum women were asked about their smoking habits and baby feeding practices and about a number of other attitudes and physical attributes. For those variables not concerned with baby feeding, our findings generally support previous research; for example, smokers in comparison to non-smokers tended to have more emotional problems, more reproductive failures and babies with lower birth-weights. For baby feeding, we found that smokers tended to have little prior knowledge of breast feeding, favour bottle feeding, have been fed by bottle by their mothers, and wean earlier than non-smokers or ex-smokers. In fact, non-smokers as a group were similar to breast feeders as a group, and smokers like bottle feeders for over 20 characteristics. These similarities were mostly the result of features of smoking and baby feeding behaviour being found in a common personality type; for example, use of tobacco and choice of bottle feeding are probably attributes of nervous, insecure mothers. But some similarities were the result of the influence of tobacco smoke; for example smokers who do breast feed wean earlier, probably because chemicals in tobacco smoke inhibit milk production.
1790名产后女性被问及她们的吸烟习惯、婴儿喂养方式以及一些其他态度和身体特征。对于那些与婴儿喂养无关的变量，我们的研究结果总体上支持先前的研究；例如，与不吸烟者相比，吸烟者往往有更多的情绪问题、更多的生殖失败情况，并且所生婴儿的出生体重较低。对于婴儿喂养，我们发现吸烟者往往对母乳喂养的先前知识了解较少，倾向于奶瓶喂养，其母亲曾用奶瓶喂养过他们，并且比不吸烟者或已戒烟者更早断奶。事实上，作为一个群体，不吸烟者与母乳喂养者相似，而吸烟者在20多个特征方面与奶瓶喂养者相似。这些相似之处大多是由于在一种共同的人格类型中发现了吸烟和婴儿喂养行为的特征；例如，吸烟和选择奶瓶喂养可能是紧张、缺乏安全感的母亲的特征。但有些相似之处是烟草烟雾影响的结果；例如，进行母乳喂养的吸烟者断奶更早，可能是因为烟草烟雾中的化学物质抑制了乳汁分泌。
