Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, España.
Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, Lugo, España.
Med Clin (Barc). 2024 Jul 26;163(2):81-90. doi: 10.1016/j.medcli.2024.01.023. Epub 2024 Apr 17.
Bronchiectasis is a clinical-radiological condition composed of irreversible bronchial dilation due to inflammation and infection of the airways, which causes respiratory symptoms, usually productive cough and infectious exacerbations. Bronchiectasis can have multiple causes, both pulmonary and extrapulmonary, and its clinical presentation is very heterogenous. Its prevalence is unknown, although up to 35-50% of severe COPD and 25% of severe asthma present them, so their underdiagnosis is evident. Chronic bacterial bronchial infection is common, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the pathogen that has been found to imply a worse prognosis. Treatment of bronchiectasis has three fundamental characteristics: it must be multidisciplinary (involvement of several specialties), pyramidal (from primary care to the most specialized units) and multidimensional (management of all aspects that make up the disease).
支气管扩张症是一种临床-放射学病症，由气道炎症和感染导致的不可逆性支气管扩张引起，可引起呼吸症状，通常为有痰咳嗽和感染加重。支气管扩张症可有多种原因，包括肺部和肺外原因，其临床表现非常异质。其患病率尚不清楚，尽管多达 35-50%的重度 COPD 和 25%的重度哮喘患者存在支气管扩张症，因此其漏诊是明显的。慢性细菌性支气管感染很常见，铜绿假单胞菌是发现与预后较差相关的病原体。支气管扩张症的治疗有三个基本特征：必须是多学科的（涉及多个专业）、金字塔形的（从初级保健到最专业的单位）和多维度的（管理构成疾病的所有方面）。
