Department of Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2024 May;25(5):853-859. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2024.03.107. Epub 2024 Apr 18.
Hearing aids have important health benefits for older adults with Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRD); however, hearing aid adoption in this group is low. This study aimed to determine where to target hearing aid interventions for American long-term care recipients with ADRD by examining the association of ADRD and residence type with respondent-reported unmet hearing aid need.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cross-sectional study used data from the United States National Core Indicators-Aging and Disabilities survey (2015-2019) for long-term care recipients aged ≥65 years.
We used multivariable logistic regression to model the likelihood of reporting unmet hearing aid need conditional on ADRD status and residence type (own/family house or apartment, residential care, or nursing facility/home), adjusting for sociodemographic factors and response type (self vs proxy).
Of the 25,492 respondents [median (IQR) age, 77 (71, 84) years; 7074 (27.8%) male], 5442 (21.4%) had ADRD and 3659 (14.4%) owned hearing aids. Residence types were 17,004 (66.8%) own/family house or apartment, 4966 (19.5%) residential care, and 3522 (13.8%) nursing home. Among non-hearing aid owners, ADRD [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 0.90, 95% CI 0.80-1.0] and residence type were associated with respondent-reported unmet hearing aid need. Compared to the nursing home reference group, respondents in their own/family home (AOR 1.85, 95% CI 1.61-2.13) and residential care (AOR 1.30, 95% CI 1.10-1.53) were more likely to report unmet hearing aid need. This pattern was significantly more pronounced in people with ADRD than in those without, stemming from an interaction between ADRD and residence type.
American long-term care recipients with ADRD living in their own/family home are more likely to report unmet hearing aid need than those with ADRD in institutional and congregate settings. This information can inform the design and delivery of hearing interventions for older adults with ADRD.
助听器对患有阿尔茨海默病和相关痴呆症（ADRD）的老年患者有重要的健康益处；然而，该群体中助听器的采用率很低。本研究旨在通过检查 ADRD 和居住类型与报告的未满足的助听器需求之间的关联，确定美国长期护理接受者的 ADRD 患者的助听器干预目标，该研究使用了美国国家核心指标-老龄化和残疾调查（2015-2019 年）的数据。
设计、地点和参与者：本横断面研究使用了美国国家核心指标-老龄化和残疾调查（2015-2019 年）的数据，纳入了年龄≥65 岁的长期护理接受者。
我们使用多变量逻辑回归来模拟报告的未满足的助听器需求的可能性，条件是 ADRD 状态和居住类型（自有/家庭住房或公寓、住宿护理或护理院/家庭），并调整了社会人口因素和反应类型（自我报告与代理报告）。
在 25492 名应答者中[中位数（IQR）年龄，77（71，84）岁；7074（27.8%）男性]，5442 名（21.4%）患有 ADRD，3659 名（14.4%）拥有助听器。居住类型为 17004 名（66.8%）自有/家庭住房或公寓，4966 名（19.5%）住宿护理，3522 名（13.8%）护理院。在非助听器使用者中，ADRD[调整后的优势比（AOR）0.90，95%置信区间（CI）0.80-1.0]和居住类型与报告的未满足的助听器需求相关。与护理院参考组相比，居住在自有/家庭住宅的应答者（AOR 1.85，95%CI 1.61-2.13）和住宿护理（AOR 1.30，95%CI 1.10-1.53）更有可能报告未满足的助听器需求。与没有 ADRD 的人相比，这种模式在患有 ADRD 的人中更为明显，这归因于 ADRD 和居住类型之间的相互作用。
患有 ADRD 的美国长期护理接受者居住在自有/家庭住宅中，比居住在机构和集体环境中的 ADRD 患者更有可能报告未满足的助听器需求。这些信息可以为患有 ADRD 的老年人的听力干预措施的设计和提供提供信息。
