Liyanage Nuwan Sameera, Awwad Fatima, Gonçalves Dos Santos Karen Cristine, Jayawardena Thilina U, Mérindol Natacha, Desgagné-Penix Isabel
Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada.
Plant Biology Research Group, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada.
J Exp Bot. 2025 Jan 1;76(1):16-34. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erae187.
Amaryllidaceae alkaloid (AA) biosynthesis has garnered significant attention in recent years, particularly with the commercialization of galanthamine as a treatment for the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. A significant amount of research work over the last eight decades has focused on the understanding of AA biosynthesis, starting from early radiolabelling studies to recent multi-omics analysis with modern biotechnological advancements. Those studies enabled the identification of hundreds of metabolites, the characterization of biochemical pathways, and an understanding of the environmental stimuli and of the molecular regulation of these pharmaceutically and agriculturally important metabolites. Despite numerous studies, there remain significant gaps in understanding the biosynthesis of AAs in Amaryllidaceae plants. As such, further research is needed to fully elucidate the metabolic pathways and facilitate their production. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the current state of knowledge on AA biosynthesis, from elicitation of expression of transcription factors in the cell nucleus to alkaloid transport in the apoplast, and to highlight the challenges that need to be overcome for further advancement.
近年来，石蒜科生物碱（AA）的生物合成受到了广泛关注，尤其是随着加兰他敏作为治疗阿尔茨海默病症状药物的商业化。在过去的八十年里，大量的研究工作都集中在对AA生物合成的理解上，从早期的放射性标记研究到利用现代生物技术进展进行的近期多组学分析。这些研究使得数百种代谢物得以鉴定，生化途径得以表征，并且对环境刺激以及这些在制药和农业上具有重要意义的代谢物的分子调控有了一定的了解。尽管进行了大量研究，但在理解石蒜科植物中AA的生物合成方面仍存在重大差距。因此，需要进一步研究以全面阐明代谢途径并促进其生产。本综述旨在全面总结目前关于AA生物合成的知识状态，从细胞核中转录因子表达的诱导到质外体中的生物碱转运，并强调为进一步推进需要克服的挑战。
