Irfan Saad, Etekochay Maudlyn O, Atanasov Atanas G, Prasad Vishnu P, Kandimalla Ramesh, Mofatteh Mohammad, V Priyanka, Emran Talha B
Animal Science Department, Faculty of Animal and Agriculture Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia.
PinnacleCare Intl. Baltimore, MD, USA.
Int J Surg. 2024 Oct 1;110(10):6321-6329. doi: 10.1097/JS9.0000000000001460.
As one of the leading causes of global mortality and morbidity, various neurological diseases cause social and economic burdens. Despite significant advances in the treatment of neurological diseases, establishing a proper disease model, especially for degenerative and infectious diseases, remains a major challenging issue. For long, mice were the model of choice but suffered from serious drawbacks of differences in anatomical and functional aspects of the nervous system. Furthermore, the collection of postmortem brain tissues limits their usage in cultured cell lines. Overcoming such limitations has prompted the usage of stem cells derived from the peripheral nervous system, such as the cells of the olfactory mucosa as a preferred choice. These cells can be easily cultured in vitro and retain the receptors of neuronal cells life-long. Such cells have various advantages over embryonic or induced stem cells, including homology, and ease of culture and can be conveniently obtained from diseased individuals through either biopsies or exfoliation. They have continuously helped in understanding the genetic and developmental mechanisms of degenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Moreover, the mode of infection of various viruses that can lead to postviral olfactory dysfunction, such as the Zika virus can be monitored through these cells in vitro and their therapeutic development can be fastened.
作为全球死亡率和发病率的主要原因之一，各种神经疾病造成了社会和经济负担。尽管神经疾病的治疗取得了重大进展，但建立合适的疾病模型，尤其是针对退行性和感染性疾病的模型，仍然是一个重大挑战。长期以来，小鼠一直是首选模型，但存在神经系统解剖和功能方面差异的严重缺点。此外，死后脑组织的收集限制了它们在培养细胞系中的应用。克服这些限制促使人们使用源自外周神经系统的干细胞，例如嗅黏膜细胞作为首选。这些细胞可以在体外轻松培养，并终生保留神经元细胞的受体。与胚胎干细胞或诱导干细胞相比，此类细胞具有多种优势，包括同源性、易于培养，并且可以通过活检或脱落方便地从患病个体中获取。它们不断帮助人们理解诸如阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病等退行性疾病的遗传和发育机制。此外，通过这些细胞可以在体外监测各种可导致病毒感染后嗅觉功能障碍的病毒的感染模式，例如寨卡病毒，并且可以加快其治疗开发。
