Yang Hang, Feng Qi, Xu Weixiang, Tang Yadong, Bai Guoliang, Liu Yunli, Liu Zisen, Xia Shibin, Wu Zhenbin, Zhang Yi
State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
Eco Environ Health. 2024 Jan 12;3(2):208-226. doi: 10.1016/j.eehl.2024.01.001. eCollection 2024 Jun.
Nuclear isotopes, distinct atoms characterized by varying neutron counts, have profoundly influenced a myriad of sectors, spanning from medical diagnostics and therapeutic interventions to energy production and defense strategies. Their multifaceted applications have been celebrated for catalyzing revolutionary breakthroughs, yet these advancements simultaneously introduce intricate challenges that warrant thorough investigation. These challenges encompass safety protocols, potential environmental detriments, and the complex geopolitical landscape surrounding nuclear proliferation and disarmament. This comprehensive review embarks on a deep exploration of nuclear isotopes, elucidating their nuanced classifications, wide-ranging applications, intricate governing policies, and the multifaceted impacts of their unintended emissions or leaks. Furthermore, the study meticulously examines the cutting-edge remediation techniques currently employed to counteract nuclear contamination while projecting future innovations in this domain. By weaving together historical context, current applications, and forward-looking perspectives, this review offers a panoramic view of the nuclear isotope landscape. In conclusion, the significance of nuclear isotopes cannot be understated. As we stand at the crossroads of technological advancement and ethical responsibility, this review underscores the paramount importance of harnessing nuclear isotopes' potential in a manner that prioritizes safety, sustainability, and the greater good of humanity.
核同位素是具有不同中子数的独特原子，已对众多领域产生了深远影响，涵盖从医学诊断和治疗干预到能源生产及国防战略等各个方面。它们的多方面应用因促成了革命性突破而备受赞誉，但这些进展同时也带来了复杂的挑战，需要进行深入研究。这些挑战包括安全协议、潜在的环境危害，以及围绕核扩散和裁军的复杂地缘政治格局。本全面综述深入探讨核同位素，阐明其细微的分类、广泛的应用、复杂的管理政策，以及其意外排放或泄漏的多方面影响。此外，该研究精心审视了目前用于应对核污染的前沿修复技术，同时预测该领域未来的创新。通过将历史背景、当前应用和前瞻性观点交织在一起，本综述提供了一幅核同位素领域的全景图。总之，核同位素的重要性不容小觑。当我们站在技术进步与道德责任的十字路口时，本综述强调了以优先考虑安全、可持续性和人类更大福祉的方式利用核同位素潜力的至关重要性。
