Centre for Disaster Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and Intervention, Umeå University, Umeå, 901 87, Sweden.
Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2024 Apr 25;32(1):36. doi: 10.1186/s13049-024-01210-4.
Increasing mountain activity and decreasing participant preparedness, as well as climate change, suggest needs to tailor mountain rescue. In Sweden, previous medical research of these services are lacking. The aim of the study is to describe Swedish mountain rescue missions as a basis for future studies, public education, resource allocation, and rescuer training.
Retrospective analysis of all mission reports in the national Swedish Police Registry on Mountain Rescue 2018-2022 (n = 1543). Outcome measures were frequencies and characteristics of missions, casualties, fatalities, traumatic injuries, medical conditions, and incident mechanisms.
Jämtland county had the highest proportion of missions (38%), followed by Norrbotten county (36%). 2% of missions involved ≥ 4 casualties, and 44% involved ≥ 4 mountain rescuers. Helicopter use was recorded in 59% of missions. Non-Swedish citizens were rescued in 12% of missions. 37% of casualties were females. 14% of casualties were ≥ 66 or ≤ 12 years of age. Of a total 39 fatalities, cardiac event (n = 14) was the most frequent cause of death, followed by trauma (n = 10) and drowning (n = 8). There was one avalanche fatality. 8 fatalities were related to snowmobiling, and of the total 1543 missions, 309 (20%) were addressing snowmobiling incidents. Of non-fatal casualties, 431 involved a medical condition, of which 90 (21%) suffered hypothermia and 73 (17%) cardiovascular illness.
These baseline data suggest snowmobiling, cardiac events, drownings, multi-casualty incidents, and backcountry internal medicine merit future study and intervention.
山区活动的增加和参与者准备工作的不足，以及气候变化，都表明需要调整山地救援。在瑞典，以前缺乏这些服务的医学研究。本研究的目的是描述瑞典的山地救援任务，为未来的研究、公众教育、资源分配和救援人员培训提供基础。
对 2018-2022 年全国瑞典警察山地救援登记处的所有任务报告进行回顾性分析（n=1543）。主要结局指标是任务的频率和特征、伤亡人员、死亡人数、创伤性损伤、医疗状况和事件机制。
耶姆特兰县（Jämtland）的任务比例最高（38%），其次是北博滕县（Norrbotten）（36%）。2%的任务涉及≥4名伤员，44%的任务涉及≥4名山地救援人员。59%的任务记录了直升机的使用情况。12%的任务涉及非瑞典公民的救援。37%的伤员为女性。14%的伤员年龄为≥66 岁或≤12 岁。在总共 39 例死亡中，心脏事件（n=14）是最常见的死亡原因，其次是创伤（n=10）和溺水（n=8）。有一起雪崩死亡事件。8 例死亡与雪地摩托有关，在总共 1543 次任务中，有 309 次（20%）涉及雪地摩托事故。在非致命性伤员中，有 431 人患有某种疾病，其中 90 人（21%）患有低体温症，73 人（17%）患有心血管疾病。
这些基线数据表明，雪地摩托、心脏事件、溺水、多伤员事件和偏远地区内科疾病值得进一步研究和干预。
