de Souza Julie Faria Ferreira, Fernandes Brígida Dias, Rotta Inajara, Visacri Marília Berlofa, de Mendonça Lima Tácio
Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropedica, Brazil.
Capixaba Institute of Health Education, Research and Innovation, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
Explor Res Clin Soc Pharm. 2024 Apr 10;14:100441. doi: 10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100441. eCollection 2024 Jun.
Key performance indicators (KPIs) are a set of indicators that improve the quality of services provided by pharmacists. They enable the monitoring and evaluation of result progress and optimize decision-making for stakeholders. Currently, there is no systematic review regarding KPIs for pharmaceutical services.
To identify and assess the quality of KPIs developed for pharmaceutical services.
A systematic review was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and LILACS from the inception of the database until February 5th, 2024. Studies that developed a set of KPIs for pharmaceutical services were included. The indicators were evaluated using the Appraisal of Indicators through Research and Evaluation (AIRE) instrument. Two independent reviewers performed the study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment.
Fifteen studies were included. The studies were conducted in different regions, most of which were developed for clinical services in hospitals or ambulatory settings, and used similar domains for the development of KPIs such as medication review, patient safety, and patient counseling. Literature review combined with the Delphi technique was the method most used by the studies, with content validity by inter-rater agreement. Regarding methodological quality, most studies described information on the purpose, definition, and stakeholders' involvement in the set of KPIs. However, little information was observed on the strategy for risk adjustment, instructions for presenting and interpreting the indicator results, the detailed description of the numerator and denominator, evidence scientific, and the feasibility of the set of KPIs. Only one study achieved a high methodological quality in all domains of the AIRE tool.
Our findings showed the potential of KPIs to monitor and assess pharmacy practice quality. Future studies should expand KPIs for other settings, explore validity evidence of the existing KPIs, provide detailed descriptions of evidence, formulation, and usage, and test their feasibility in daily practice.
关键绩效指标（KPI）是一组可提升药剂师所提供服务质量的指标。它们有助于监测和评估结果进展，并为利益相关者优化决策。目前，尚无关于药学服务关键绩效指标的系统评价。
识别并评估为药学服务制定的关键绩效指标的质量。
从数据库建立至2024年2月5日，在PubMed、Scopus、EMBASE和LILACS中进行了系统评价。纳入了为药学服务制定一组关键绩效指标的研究。使用通过研究与评估进行指标评估（AIRE）工具对指标进行评价。两名独立评审员进行研究选择、数据提取和质量评估。
纳入了15项研究。这些研究在不同地区开展，其中大部分是针对医院或门诊环境中的临床服务制定的，并且在制定关键绩效指标时使用了类似领域，如用药审查、患者安全和患者咨询。文献综述结合德尔菲技术是研究中最常用的方法，通过评分者间一致性进行内容效度评估。关于方法学质量，大多数研究描述了关键绩效指标集的目的、定义和利益相关者参与情况的信息。然而，关于风险调整策略、指标结果呈现和解释说明、分子和分母的详细描述、科学证据以及关键绩效指标集的可行性方面观察到的信息较少。只有一项研究在AIRE工具的所有领域都达到了较高的方法学质量。
我们的研究结果显示了关键绩效指标在监测和评估药学实践质量方面的潜力。未来的研究应扩展针对其他环境的关键绩效指标；探索现有关键绩效指标的效度证据；提供证据、制定和使用的详细描述；并在日常实践中测试其可行性。
