Reis Lígia, Gregório João
PhD Student, Universidade Lusófona, Lisbon, Portugal & Escuela de Doctorado de la Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain.
CBIOS - Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies, Universidade Lusófona, Lisbon, Portugal.
Explor Res Clin Soc Pharm. 2024 Oct 23;16:100533. doi: 10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100533. eCollection 2024 Dec.
Professional pharmacy services are widely recognized for their role in promoting patient health and ensuring optimal medication therapy outcomes. Community pharmacies and pharmacists need to assess professional services' performance at patient level and demonstrate their value to stakeholders. To do so is important to understand which outcome performance indicators are currently being used and how added value is proven.
To identify performance indicators that measure patients' outcomes and demonstrate value of professional pharmacy services.
A narrative review was performed based on a systematic search in Pubmed and Scopus databases since year 2000. Manually search was also conducted in Google Scholar and Google.com. Inclusion criteria followed the PCC mnemonic in which Population is "community pharmacies", Context is "pharmaceutical care, professional pharmaceutical services or pharmaceutical interventions" and Concept is "key performance indicators, or performance measures or clinical indicators". English, Spanish or Portuguese language were accepted.
All types of papers were included, adding up to a total of 12 papers. The publication of papers on this subject has increased in the last decade. Outcomes indicators identified were based in different frameworks, mainly linked to quality, and were clearly outlined. Disease and therapy management were the most evaluated services. Indicators were identified across 8 different domains corresponding, predominantly, to outputs rather than outcomes. Measurement is mainly conducted under the auspices of coalitions, alliances, government and payers reflecting their perspectives and based on easy-to-retrieve pharmacy data and information.
A paradigm shift is needed, so that performance indicators are based on more appropriate frameworks to measure patient level outcomes and value assignment of professional pharmacy services. By providing robust evidence of the impact of pharmacist interventions on patient outcomes, community pharmacists can advocate for the integration, expansion, and recognition of pharmacist-led services within the broader healthcare system.
专业药学服务在促进患者健康和确保最佳药物治疗效果方面的作用已得到广泛认可。社区药房和药剂师需要在患者层面评估专业服务的绩效，并向利益相关者证明其价值。为此，了解当前正在使用哪些结果绩效指标以及如何证明附加值非常重要。
确定衡量患者结果并证明专业药学服务价值的绩效指标。
基于对2000年以来PubMed和Scopus数据库的系统检索进行叙述性综述。还在谷歌学术和谷歌网站上进行了手动搜索。纳入标准遵循PCC记忆法，其中人群为“社区药房”，背景为“药学服务、专业药学服务或药学干预”，概念为“关键绩效指标、绩效衡量指标或临床指标”。接受英语、西班牙语或葡萄牙语的文献。
纳入了所有类型的论文，共计12篇。过去十年中关于该主题的论文发表量有所增加。确定的结果指标基于不同的框架，主要与质量相关，并进行了清晰的概述。疾病和治疗管理是评估最多的服务。指标在8个不同领域中确定，主要对应于产出而非结果。测量主要在联盟、联盟、政府和支付方的支持下进行，反映了他们的观点，并基于易于获取的药房数据和信息。
需要进行范式转变，使绩效指标基于更合适的框架来衡量患者层面的结果以及专业药学服务的价值分配。通过提供有力证据证明药剂师干预对患者结果的影响，社区药剂师可以倡导在更广泛的医疗保健系统中整合、扩展和认可药剂师主导的服务。
