Olas Beata
University of Lodz, Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Łódź, Poland.
Front Pharmacol. 2024 Apr 11;15:1395658. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1395658. eCollection 2024.
Mistletoe is an evergreen woody shrub with stems measuring 30-100 cm. It has leathery, yellowish-green strap-shaped leaves, yellowish-green flowers, and bears typical berries. The most common species is L., mainly present in Europe and Asia. It is commonly known as European mistletoe or simply, mistletoe. Scientific interest in mistletoe was awakened in the XX century. Mistletoe, especially L., has historically been used in the treatment and prophylaxis of CVD, with its properties being confirmed in recent studies. This mini-review describes new aspects of the cardioprotective properties of various species of mistletoe, especially L. The effect of oral and subcutaneous application of fresh L. extracts on blood pressure has been studied in various models; while the data suggests that mistletoe may be a promising herbal extract with cardioprotective properties, the species has only been tested and , on animals. In addition, it is unclear whether the cardioprotective activity of mistletoe may be due to particular chemical components, as the chemical composition of mistletoe extracts can vary depending on the time of harvest, extraction method and plant part. Hence, this activity may instead result from synergistic interactions between various secondary metabolites. Therefore, further studies are needed to identify the mechanisms of action of mistletoe compounds on CVDs, and determine their interactions with other cardioprotective drugs, their metabolic mechanisms, pharamacokinetics and adverse effects. More research is also needed to determine the therapeutic doses of active ingredients for use in clinical trials; this would require an accurate understanding of the chemical composition of extracts from different species of mistletoe (not only L.) and from various host trees.
槲寄生是一种常绿木质灌木，茎长30 - 100厘米。它有革质的、黄绿色带状叶子、黄绿色花朵，并结有典型的浆果。最常见的物种是欧洲槲寄生，主要分布在欧洲和亚洲。它通常被称为欧洲槲寄生或简称为槲寄生。对槲寄生的科学兴趣在20世纪被唤醒。槲寄生，尤其是欧洲槲寄生，历史上一直被用于治疗和预防心血管疾病，其特性在最近的研究中得到了证实。这篇综述描述了各种槲寄生物种，尤其是欧洲槲寄生的心脏保护特性的新方面。在各种模型中研究了口服和皮下应用新鲜欧洲槲寄生提取物对血压的影响；虽然数据表明槲寄生可能是一种有前景的具有心脏保护特性的草药提取物，但该物种仅在动物身上进行了测试，且测试的动物种类有限。此外，尚不清楚槲寄生的心脏保护活性是否可能归因于特定的化学成分，因为槲寄生提取物的化学成分会因收获时间、提取方法和植物部位而有所不同。因此，这种活性可能是由各种次生代谢产物之间的协同相互作用导致的。因此，需要进一步研究来确定槲寄生化合物对心血管疾病的作用机制，并确定它们与其他心脏保护药物的相互作用、代谢机制、药代动力学和不良反应。还需要更多的研究来确定用于临床试验的活性成分的治疗剂量；这需要准确了解不同种类槲寄生（不仅是欧洲槲寄生）以及来自各种寄主树的提取物的化学成分。
