Maximo Héros José, Araújo Francisca Diana da Silva, Pagotto Carolina Clepf, Boava Leonardo Pires, Dalio Ronaldo José Durigan, Duarte Gustavo Henrique Bueno, Eberlin Marcos Nogueira, Machado Marcos Antonio
Biotechnology Laboratory, Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, Agronomic Institute, Cordeirópolis 13490-970, SP, Brazil.
BioXyz Biotecnologia Microbiana e Bioprocessos e Industriais Ltda., Piracicaba 13414-224, SP, Brazil.
Metabolites. 2024 Apr 5;14(4):206. doi: 10.3390/metabo14040206.
is an oomycete pathogen that infects a broad range of crops of worldwide economic interest; among them are citrus species. In general, some and the rootstocks of related genera offer considerable resistance against ; therefore, understanding the mechanisms involved in the virulence of this pathogen is crucial. In this work, secondary metabolite production was studied using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/ESI-Q-TOF-MS) combined with chemometric tools, and its metabolic profile was evaluated under the influence of (a highly susceptible host) and (a resistant genotype) extracts. The root extracts of had an influence on the growth and hyphae morphology, and the root extracts of had an influence on the zoospore behavior. In parallel, the spatial distribution of several metabolites was revealed in colonies using MALDI-MSI, and the metabolite ion of 246 was identified as the protonated molecule of Arg-Ala. The MALDI-MSI showed variations in the surface metabolite profile of under the influence of the extract. The metabolome analysis using UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS resulted in the detection of Arg-Gln (/ 303.1775), as well as L-arginine (/ 175.1191) and other unidentified metabolites. Significant variations in this metabolome were detected under the influence of the plant extracts when evaluated using UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS. Both techniques proved to be complementary, offering valuable insights at the molecular level when used to assess the impact of the plant extracts on microbial physiology in vitro. The metabolites identified in this study may play significant roles in the interaction or virulence of , but their functional characterization remains to be analyzed. Overall, these data confirm our initial hypotheses, demonstrating that has the capabilities of (i) recognizing host signals and altering its reproductive programing and (ii) distinguishing between hosts with varying responses in terms of reproduction and the production of secondary metabolites.
是一种卵菌病原体,可感染全球范围内具有经济价值的多种作物;其中包括柑橘类物种。一般来说,一些相关属的砧木对具有相当的抗性;因此,了解这种病原体毒力的相关机制至关重要。在这项工作中,使用基质辅助激光解吸/电离质谱成像(MALDI-MSI)和超高效液相色谱与电喷雾电离四极杆飞行时间串联质谱(UHPLC/ESI-Q-TOF-MS)结合化学计量工具研究了次级代谢产物的产生,并在(一种高度敏感的宿主)和(一种抗性基因型)提取物的影响下评估了其代谢谱。的根提取物对生长和菌丝形态有影响,的根提取物对游动孢子行为有影响。同时,使用MALDI-MSI揭示了菌落中几种代谢物的空间分布,并且将246的代谢物离子鉴定为Arg-Ala的质子化分子。MALDI-MSI显示在提取物的影响下表面代谢物谱的变化。使用UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS进行的代谢组分析导致检测到Arg-Gln(/ 303.1775),以及L-精氨酸(/ 175.1191)和其他未鉴定的代谢物。当使用UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS评估时,在植物提取物的影响下检测到该代谢组的显著变化。这两种技术被证明是互补的,当用于评估植物提取物对体外微生物生理学的影响时,在分子水平上提供了有价值的见解。本研究中鉴定的代谢物可能在的相互作用或毒力中起重要作用,但其功能表征仍有待分析。总体而言,这些数据证实了我们最初的假设,表明具有(i)识别宿主信号并改变其繁殖程序以及(ii)区分在繁殖和次级代谢产物产生方面具有不同反应的宿主的能力。