Marcantonio Tiffany L, Lestingi Arianna, Meadows Melissa, Thrash Anna, DiLoreto-Hill James
Department of Health Science, University of Alabama.
Yale School of Public Health, Yale University.
J Sex Res. 2025 May;62(4):622-631. doi: 10.1080/00224499.2024.2344682. Epub 2024 Apr 26.
Although universities in the US commonly implement sexual consent education programs for students that focus on understanding how to communicate sexual consent, it remains unclear to what extent sexual consent education is taking place in grades K-12. The goal of this study was to assess K-12 health education standards recommendations for sexual consent education. We conducted a content analysis of health education standards from 43 states in the US to evaluate the guidelines provided to health educators across different grade levels. Using inductive and deductive coding, we identified six themes related to sexual consent. These themes were: 1) defining sexual consent, 2) explaining the legal standard of sexual consent, 3) defining personal space, 4) promoting healthy decision-making, 5) emphasizing good communication skills, and 6) defining healthy relationships. Fewer states directly focused on sexual consent education; instead, they provided information that could indirectly relate to consent, such as discussions on relationships and personal space. Across grade levels, topics related to sexual consent became more prevalent as adolescents progressed through school. While many states' health standards do not explicitly discuss sexual consent, they may implicitly address consent through other topics. Educators and policymakers should advocate for more explicit and detailed education on sexual consent in the K-12 school system. This could help increase the number of students educated on sexual consent before entering higher education, potentially reducing rates of sexual violence, and promoting healthier sexual behaviors and attitudes.
尽管美国的大学通常为学生实施性同意教育项目,重点是理解如何表达性同意,但K-12阶段的性同意教育在多大程度上开展仍不明确。本研究的目的是评估K-12健康教育标准中关于性同意教育的建议。我们对美国43个州的健康教育标准进行了内容分析,以评估提供给不同年级健康教育工作者的指导方针。通过归纳和演绎编码,我们确定了与性同意相关的六个主题。这些主题是:1)定义性同意;2)解释性同意的法律标准;3)定义个人空间;4)促进健康决策;5)强调良好的沟通技巧;6)定义健康的关系。较少的州直接关注性同意教育;相反,它们提供的信息可能与同意间接相关,比如关于人际关系和个人空间的讨论。在各个年级中,随着青少年在学校的成长,与性同意相关的主题变得更加普遍。虽然许多州的健康标准没有明确讨论性同意,但它们可能通过其他主题含蓄地涉及同意问题。教育工作者和政策制定者应倡导在K-12学校系统中开展更明确、更详细的性同意教育。这有助于增加在进入高等教育之前接受性同意教育的学生数量,可能降低性暴力发生率,并促进更健康的性行为和态度。
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