School of Business Administration, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan, China.
School of Government Management, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China.
PLoS One. 2024 Apr 26;19(4):e0295942. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295942. eCollection 2024.
Advancement in technologies such as robotic industries and artificial intelligence bring fear among human being that jobs will be substituted by robots. Base on the panel data of 28 China's manufacturing industries, this research analyzed the impact of technical progress bias on employment. First, we calculate the technical progress bias index of 28 industries base on the stochastic frontier model with transcendental logarithm function found 16 industries were toward the skilled labor while the remaining 12 industries were toward the unskilled labor. Second, the empirical results show that technical progress bias has a positive impact on the total manufacturing employment and significant positive effect on the unskilled labor, while no significant impact on skilled labor employment. Third, the threshold effect test proves that if taking industry value-added per capita or R&D capital stock as threshold variable, the threshold about the impact exist, making the impact on skilled labor was insignificant.
技术的进步，如机器人产业和人工智能，给人类带来了恐惧，担心工作将会被机器人取代。基于中国 28 个制造业的面板数据，本研究分析了技术进步偏向对就业的影响。首先，我们利用超越对数随机前沿模型计算了 28 个行业的技术进步偏向指数，发现其中 16 个行业偏向于技能型劳动力，而其余 12 个行业则偏向于非技能型劳动力。其次，实证结果表明，技术进步偏向对制造业总就业和非技能劳动力就业有正向影响，而对技能劳动力就业没有显著影响。第三，门槛效应检验证明，如果以行业人均增加值或研发资本存量作为门槛变量，那么这种影响是存在门槛的，使得对技能劳动力的影响不显著。
