Berntzen Bram J, Tolvanen Asko, Kujala Urho M, Silventoinen Karri, Vuoksimaa Eero, Kaprio Jaakko, Aaltonen Sari
Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 20, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
Methodology Centre for Human Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2024 Apr 26;21(1):47. doi: 10.1186/s12966-024-01600-y.
Personalized interventions aiming to increase physical activity in individuals are effective. However, from a public health perspective, it would be important to stimulate physical activity in larger groups of people who share the vulnerability to be physically inactive throughout adulthood. To find these high-risk groups, we identified 36-year leisure-time physical activity profiles from young adulthood to late midlife in females and males. Moreover, we uncovered which anthropometric-, demographic-, lifestyle-, and health-related characteristics were associated with these physical activity profiles.
We included 2,778 females and 1,938 males from the population-based older Finnish Twin Cohort Study, who responded to health and behavior surveys at the mean ages of 24, 30, 40 and 60. Latent profile analysis was used to identify longitudinal leisure-time physical activity profiles.
We found five longitudinal leisure-time physical activity profiles for both females and males. Females' profiles were: 1) Low increasing moderate (29%), 2) Moderate stable (23%), 3) Very low increasing low (20%), 4) Low stable (20%) and 5) High increasing high (9%). Males' profiles were: 1) Low increasing moderate (29%), 2) Low stable very low (26%), 3) Moderate decreasing low (21%), 4) High fluctuating high (17%) and 5) Very low stable (8%). In both females and males, lower leisure-time physical activity profiles were associated with lower education, higher body mass index, smoking, poorer perceived health, higher sedentary time, high blood pressure, and a higher risk for type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, lower leisure-time physical activity was linked to a higher risk of depression in females.
We found several longitudinal leisure-time physical activity profiles with unique changes in both sexes. Fewer profiles in females than in males remained or became low physically active during the 36-year follow-up. We observed that lower education, higher body mass index, and more smoking already in young adulthood were associated with low leisure-time physical activity profiles. However, the fact that several longitudinal profiles demonstrated a change in their physical activity behavior over time implies the potential for public health interventions to improve leisure-time physical activity levels.
旨在增加个体身体活动的个性化干预措施是有效的。然而，从公共卫生的角度来看，激发更大群体中那些在成年期易出现身体活动不足的人的身体活动非常重要。为了找到这些高危群体，我们确定了从青年期到中年后期女性和男性的36年休闲时间身体活动模式。此外，我们还发现了哪些人体测量学、人口统计学、生活方式和健康相关特征与这些身体活动模式有关。
我们纳入了基于人群的芬兰老年双胞胎队列研究中的2778名女性和1938名男性，他们在平均年龄24岁、30岁、40岁和60岁时对健康和行为调查做出了回应。潜在剖面分析用于确定纵向休闲时间身体活动模式。
我们发现女性和男性均有五种纵向休闲时间身体活动模式。女性的模式为：1）低增长至中等（29%），2）中等稳定（23%），3）极低增长至低（20%）,4）低稳定（20%），5）高增长至高（9%）。男性的模式为：1）低增长至中等（29%），2）低稳定至极低（26%），3）中等下降至低（21%），4）高波动至高（17%），5）极低稳定（8%）。在女性和男性中，较低的休闲时间身体活动模式都与较低的教育水平、较高的体重指数、吸烟、较差的自我感知健康状况、较长时间的久坐行为、高血压以及2型糖尿病的较高风险相关。此外，较低的休闲时间身体活动与女性患抑郁症的较高风险有关。
我们发现了几种纵向休闲时间身体活动模式，两性都有独特的变化。在36年的随访期间，女性中保持或变为身体活动水平低的模式比男性少。我们观察到，青年期较低的教育水平、较高的体重指数和较多的吸烟行为与低休闲时间身体活动模式相关。然而，几个纵向模式显示其身体活动行为随时间发生变化，这一事实意味着公共卫生干预措施有可能提高休闲时间身体活动水平。
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