Doan Tinh, Yu Peng, LaBond Christine, Gong Cathy, Strazdins Lyndall
Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
Commonwealth Department of Social Services, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
J Health Soc Behav. 2022 Mar;63(1):37-54. doi: 10.1177/00221465211028910.
We investigate time inequity as an explanatory mechanism for gendered physical activity disparity. Our mixed-effect generalized linear model with two-stage residual inclusion framework uses longitudinal data, capturing differing exchanges and trade-offs in time resources. The first stage estimates within-household exchanges of paid and family work hours. Estimates show that men's employment increases women's family work hours while reducing their own, whereas women's employment weakly affects men's family time. Incorporating unequal household exchange into the second stage reveals that as women's paid family work hours increase, physical activity goes down. In contrast, men's physical activity is unaffected by paid work hours, and family time appears protective. Control over work time further underscores gendered time exchange: Men's activity increases with own or partner's control, whereas women's increases only with their own. Our approach reveals how men's and women's unequal capability to use time creates differing trade-offs between work, family, and physical activity, generating health inequity.
我们将时间不平等作为性别化体育活动差异的一种解释机制进行研究。我们采用带有两阶段残差纳入框架的混合效应广义线性模型，利用纵向数据，捕捉时间资源方面不同的交换和权衡。第一阶段估计家庭内部有偿工作时间和家务工作时间的交换情况。估计结果表明，男性就业会增加女性的家务工作时间，同时减少自己的家务工作时间，而女性就业对男性的家庭时间影响较弱。将不平等的家庭交换纳入第二阶段后发现，随着女性有偿家务工作时间的增加，体育活动会减少。相比之下，男性的体育活动不受有偿工作时间的影响，而家庭时间似乎具有保护作用。对工作时间的控制进一步凸显了性别化的时间交换：男性的活动随着自己或伴侣对工作时间的控制而增加，而女性的活动仅随着自己对工作时间的控制而增加。我们的方法揭示了男性和女性在使用时间方面的不平等能力如何在工作、家庭和体育活动之间产生不同的权衡，从而导致健康不平等。
