Jarek Dorian Julian, Mizerka Hubert, Nuszkiewicz Jarosław, Szewczyk-Golec Karolina
Student Research Club of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
Biomedicines. 2024 Apr 3;12(4):786. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines12040786.
The escalating prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) highlights the urgent need to develop reliable biomarkers for early diagnosis and intervention. AD is characterized by the pathological accumulation of amyloid-beta plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles. Phosphorylated tau (p-tau) proteins, particularly p-tau217 and p-tau231, have been identified as promising biomarker candidates to differentiate the disease progression from preclinical stages. This narrative review is devoted to a critical evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of p-tau217 and p-tau231 levels in the detection of AD, measured in plasma, serum, and cerebrospinal fluid, compared to established biomarkers. Additionally, the efficacy of these markers in distinguishing AD from other neurodegenerative disorders is examined. The significant advances offered by p-tau217 and p-tau231 in AD diagnostics are highlighted, demonstrating their unique utility in early detection and differential diagnosis. This comprehensive analysis not only confirms the excellent diagnostic capabilities of these markers, but also deepens the understanding of the molecular dynamics of AD, contributing to the broader scientific discourse on neurodegenerative diseases. This review is aimed to provide key information for researchers and clinicians across disciplines, filling interdisciplinary gaps and highlighting the role of p-tau proteins in revolutionizing AD research and clinical practice.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）患病率的不断攀升凸显了开发可靠生物标志物用于早期诊断和干预的迫切需求。AD的特征是β-淀粉样蛋白斑块和tau神经原纤维缠结的病理性积累。磷酸化tau（p-tau）蛋白，特别是p-tau217和p-tau231，已被确定为有前景的生物标志物候选物，可用于区分疾病从临床前阶段开始的进展。这篇叙述性综述致力于对血浆、血清和脑脊液中测量的p-tau217和p-tau231水平在AD检测中的诊断准确性、敏感性和特异性进行批判性评估，并与已确立的生物标志物进行比较。此外，还研究了这些标志物在区分AD与其他神经退行性疾病方面的功效。强调了p-tau217和p-tau231在AD诊断中取得的重大进展，展示了它们在早期检测和鉴别诊断中的独特效用。这一全面分析不仅证实了这些标志物出色的诊断能力，还加深了对AD分子动力学的理解，为关于神经退行性疾病的更广泛科学讨论做出了贡献。本综述旨在为跨学科的研究人员和临床医生提供关键信息，填补跨学科空白，并突出p-tau蛋白在变革AD研究和临床实践中的作用。
