Zhang Chunmei, Zhang Yusi, Zhuang Ran, Yang Kun, Chen Lihua, Jin Boquan, Ma Ying, Zhang Yun, Tang Kang
Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Apr 18;25(8):4451. doi: 10.3390/ijms25084451.
CX3CL1, also named fractalkine or neurotactin, is the only known member of the CX3C chemokine family that can chemoattract several immune cells. CX3CL1 exists in both membrane-anchored and soluble forms, with each mediating distinct biological activities. CX3CL1 signals are transmitted through its unique receptor, CX3CR1, primarily expressed in the microglia of the central nervous system (CNS). In the CNS, CX3CL1 acts as a regulator of microglia activation in response to brain disorders or inflammation. Recently, there has been a growing interest in the role of CX3CL1 in regulating cell adhesion, chemotaxis, and host immune response in viral infection. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the changes and function of CX3CL1 in various viral infections, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), SARS-CoV-2, influenza virus, and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, to highlight the emerging roles of CX3CL1 in viral infection and associated diseases.
CX3CL1，也称为fractalkine或神经趋化素，是CX3C趋化因子家族中唯一已知的能够趋化多种免疫细胞的成员。CX3CL1以膜结合形式和可溶性形式存在，每种形式介导不同的生物学活性。CX3CL1信号通过其独特的受体CX3CR1传递，CX3CR1主要表达于中枢神经系统（CNS）的小胶质细胞中。在中枢神经系统中，CX3CL1作为小胶质细胞对脑部疾病或炎症反应的激活调节因子。最近，人们对CX3CL1在病毒感染中调节细胞黏附、趋化作用和宿主免疫反应方面的作用越来越感兴趣。在此，我们全面综述了CX3CL1在各种病毒感染（如人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）、严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）、流感病毒和巨细胞病毒（CMV）感染）中的变化和功能，以突出CX3CL1在病毒感染及相关疾病中日益凸显的作用。
