Kokhmetova Alma, Bolatbekova Ardak, Zeleneva Yuliya, Malysheva Angelina, Bastaubayeva Sholpan, Bakhytuly Kanat, Dutbayev Yerlan, Tsygankov Vladimir
Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan.
All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608, Russia.
Plants (Basel). 2024 Apr 16;13(8):1113. doi: 10.3390/plants13081113.
() is the main threat to global food security; it is a fungal disease that presents one of the most serious threats to wheat crops, causing severe yield losses worldwide, including in Kazakhstan. The pathogen leads to crop losses reaching from 15 to 50%. The objectives of this study were to (1) evaluate a wheat collection for resistance during the adult plant and seedling growth stages, (2) identify the sources of resistance genes that provide resistance to using molecular markers linked to genes, and (3) identify potentially useful resistant wheat genotypes among cultivars and advanced breeding lines. This study evaluated 60 winter and spring wheat genotypes for resistance. According to the field reactions, 22 entries (35.7%) showed ≤10% disease severity in both years. The resistant reaction to a mix of isolates in the seedling stage was associated with adult plant resistance to disease in four wheat entries. The resistance of Rosinka 3 was due to the presence of ; Omskaya 18 showed an immune reaction in the field and a moderately susceptible reaction in the seedling stage, possibly provided by a combination of the and genes. The high resistance in both the adult and seedling stages of Omskaya 29 and KR11-03 was due to the and genes and, possibly, due to the presence of unknown genes. A linked marker analysis revealed the presence of several genes. The proportion of wheat entries with genes was quite high at twenty-seven of the genotypes tested (45.0%), including four from Kazakhstan, nine from Russia, nine from the CIMMYT-ICARDA-IWWIP program, and five from the CIMMYT-SEPTMON nursery. Among the sixty entries, ten (16.7%) carried the resistance genes and , and the gene was found in seven cultivars (11.6%). Marker-assisted selection can be efficiently applied to develop wheat cultivars with effective gene combinations that would directly assist in developing durable resistance in Kazakhstan. Resistant genotypes could also be used as improved parents in crossing programs to develop new wheat cultivars.
（病害名称）是对全球粮食安全的主要威胁；它是一种真菌病害，对小麦作物构成最严重的威胁之一，在全球范围内造成严重的产量损失，包括哈萨克斯坦。这种病原体导致作物损失达15%至50%。本研究的目的是：（1）在成株期和幼苗期评估一批小麦种质资源的抗性；（2）利用与抗性基因连锁的分子标记鉴定提供抗性的抗性基因来源；（3）在品种和高级育种系中鉴定潜在有用的抗性小麦基因型。本研究评估了60个冬小麦和春小麦基因型的抗性。根据田间反应，22份材料（35.7%）在两年中病害严重程度均≤10%。在四个小麦材料中，幼苗期对混合病原菌分离株的抗性反应与成株期对病害的抗性相关。罗辛卡3号的抗性归因于（基因名称）的存在；鄂木斯克18号在田间表现出免疫反应，在幼苗期表现为中度感病反应，可能是由（基因名称）和（基因名称）基因共同作用的结果。鄂木斯克29号和KR11 - 03在成株期和幼苗期的高抗性归因于（基因名称）和（基因名称）基因，也可能归因于未知基因的存在。连锁标记分析揭示了几个（基因名称）基因的存在。在所测试的27个基因型（45.0%）中携带（基因名称）基因的小麦材料比例相当高，其中包括4份来自哈萨克斯坦、9份来自俄罗斯、9份来自国际玉米小麦改良中心 - 国际干旱地区农业研究中心 - 国际小麦白粉病倡议项目以及5份来自国际玉米小麦改良中心 - 小麦白粉病监测圃。在60份材料中，10份（16.7%）携带抗性基因（基因名称）和（基因名称），7个品种（11.6%）中发现了（基因名称）基因。标记辅助选择可有效地应用于培育具有有效（基因名称）基因组合的小麦品种，这将直接有助于在哈萨克斯坦培育持久抗性。抗性基因型也可作为改良亲本用于杂交计划，以培育新的小麦品种。
