Malysheva Angelina, Kokhmetova Alma, Urazaliev Rakhym, Kumarbayeva Madina, Keishilov Zhenis, Nurzhuma Makpal, Bolatbekova Ardak, Kokhmetova Assiya
Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan.
Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Plant Growing, Almalybak 040909, Kazakhstan.
Plants (Basel). 2023 Jul 27;12(15):2786. doi: 10.3390/plants12152786.
Leaf rust (LR) is the most widespread disease of common wheat worldwide. In order to evaluate leaf rust resistance, 70 uncharacterized wheat cultivars and promising lines with unknown leaf rust resistance genes ( genes) were exposed to Kazakhstani () races at the seedling stage. Field tests were performed to characterize leaf rust responses at the adult plant growth stage in the 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 cropping seasons. The wheat collection showed phenotypic diversity when tested with two virulent races of . Thirteen wheat genotypes (18.6%) showed high resistance at both seedling and adult plant stages. In most cases, breeding material originating from international nurseries showed higher resistance to LR. Nine genes, viz. , , , , , , , , and either singly or in combination, were identified in 47 genotypes. Known genes were not detected in the remaining 23 genotypes. The most commonly identified resistance genes were (17 cultivars), (16 cultivars), and (10 cultivars), while , , , and were the least frequent. Four genes were identified in Keremet and Hisorok, followed by three genes in Aliya, Rasad, Reke, Mataj, Egana and Almaly/Obri. The molecular screening revealed twenty-nine carriers of a single gene, ten carriers of two genes, six carriers of three genes, and two carriers of four genes. Most of these accessions showed a high and moderate level of APR (Adult plant resistance) and may be utilized for the incorporation of genes in well-adapted wheat cultivars. The most effective combination was , , and , the carriers of which were characterized by a low disease susceptibility index. The obtained results will facilitate breeding programs for wheat resistance in Kazakhstan.
叶锈病是全球普通小麦中分布最广泛的病害。为了评估叶锈病抗性，在幼苗期将70个未鉴定的小麦品种和具有未知叶锈病抗性基因的优良品系接种哈萨克斯坦叶锈菌生理小种。在2020 - 2021年和2021 - 2022年种植季节进行田间试验，以鉴定成株期的叶锈病反应。用两个致病的叶锈菌生理小种对该批小麦进行测试时，表现出表型多样性。13个小麦基因型（18.6%）在幼苗期和成株期均表现出高抗性。在大多数情况下，源自国际育种圃的育种材料对叶锈病表现出更高的抗性。在47个基因型中鉴定出9个叶锈病抗性基因，即Lr1、Lr26、Lr34、Lr42、Lr44、Lr45、Lr46、Lr67和Lr68，它们单独或组合存在。在其余23个基因型中未检测到已知的叶锈病抗性基因。最常鉴定出的抗性基因是Lr34（17个品种）、Lr46（16个品种）和Lr67（10个品种），而Lr1、Lr26、Lr42和Lr45出现频率最低。在Keremet和Hisorok中鉴定出4个抗性基因，其次在Aliya、Rasad、Reke、Mataj、Egana和Almaly/Obri中鉴定出3个抗性基因。分子筛选揭示了29个单基因携带者、10个双基因携带者、6个三基因携带者和2个四基因携带者。这些种质大多表现出高和中等水平的成株抗性（APR），可用于将抗性基因导入适应性良好的小麦品种中。最有效的组合是Lr34、Lr46和Lr67，其携带者的病害感病指数较低。所获结果将有助于哈萨克斯坦的小麦抗病育种计划。
