Zidovec-Lepej Snjezana, Bodulić Kristian, Bogdanic Maja, Gorenec Lana, Savic Vladimir, Grgic Ivana, Sabadi Dario, Santini Marija, Radmanic Matotek Leona, Kucinar Jasmina, Barbic Ljubo, Zmak Ljiljana, Ferenc Thomas, Stevanovic Vladimir, Antolasic Ljiljana, Milasincic Ljiljana, Hruskar Zeljka, Vujica Ferenc Mateja, Vilibic-Cavlek Tatjana
Department of Immunological and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases "Dr. Fran Mihaljevic", 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Research Department, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases "Dr. Fran Mihaljevic", 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Microorganisms. 2024 Mar 26;12(4):657. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms12040657.
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and West Nile virus (WNV) are the most important neuroinvasive arboviruses detected in Europe. In this study, we analyzed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of 12 proinflammatory chemokines (CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL11, CCL17, CCL20, CXCL1, CXCL5, CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11) in 77 patients with neuroinvasive diseases (NIDs). Flavivirus infection was confirmed in 62 patients (TBEV and WNV in 31 patients each), while in 15 patients the etiology of NID was not determined (NDE). Similar patterns of high-level expression of chemokines regulating monocyte/macrophage responses (CCL2), neutrophil recruitment (CXCL1 and CXCL8), and interferon-inducible chemoattractants for leukocytes (CXCL10 and CXCL11) have been observed in WNV and TBEV groups. None of the tested chemokines significantly differed between patients with TBEV or WNV. Concentrations of CCL17, CCL20, CXCL5, CXCL10, and CXCL11 were significantly lower in both WNV and TBEV groups compared to NID NDE patients. The logistic regression model showed that CSF concentrations of CXCL11, CXCL5, and CXCL10 could potentially be used for the classification of patients into the WNV or TBEV group versus groups with other NIDs. This study identified, for the first time, similar patterns of CSF chemokine expression in WNV and TBEV infections, suggesting common immunopathogenic mechanisms in neuroinvasive flavivirus infections that should be further evaluated.
蜱传脑炎病毒（TBEV）和西尼罗河病毒（WNV）是在欧洲检测到的最重要的神经侵袭性虫媒病毒。在本研究中，我们分析了77例神经侵袭性疾病（NID）患者脑脊液（CSF）中12种促炎趋化因子（CCL2、CCL3、CCL4、CCL11、CCL17、CCL20、CXCL1、CXCL5、CXCL8、CXCL9、CXCL10和CXCL11）的浓度。62例患者确诊为黄病毒感染（31例患者感染TBEV，31例患者感染WNV），而15例患者的NID病因未确定（NDE）。在WNV和TBEV组中观察到调节单核细胞/巨噬细胞反应的趋化因子（CCL2）、中性粒细胞募集趋化因子（CXCL1和CXCL8）以及白细胞干扰素诱导趋化因子（CXCL10和CXCL11）的高水平表达模式相似。在感染TBEV或WNV的患者中，所检测的趋化因子均无显著差异。与NID NDE患者相比，WNV和TBEV组中CCL17、CCL20、CXCL5、CXCL10和CXCL11的浓度均显著降低。逻辑回归模型显示，CSF中CXCL11、CXCL5和CXCL10的浓度可能有助于将患者分为WNV或TBEV组与其他NID组。本研究首次发现WNV和TBEV感染中CSF趋化因子表达模式相似，提示神经侵袭性黄病毒感染存在共同的免疫致病机制，值得进一步评估。
