Zhao Caihong, Onyino Johnmark, Gao Xiquan
State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Co-Sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing 210095, China.
Microorganisms. 2024 Apr 11;12(4):779. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms12040779.
Plant phenotype is a complex entity largely controlled by the genotype and various environmental factors. Importantly, co-evolution has allowed plants to coexist with the biotic factors in their surroundings. Recently, plant endophytes as an external plant phenotype, forming part of the complex plethora of the plant microbial assemblage, have gained immense attention from plant scientists. Functionally, endophytes impact the plant in many ways, including increasing nutrient availability, enhancing the ability of plants to cope with both abiotic and biotic stress, and enhancing the accumulation of important plant secondary metabolites. The current state of research has been devoted to evaluating the phenotypic impacts of endophytes on host plants, including their direct influence on plant metabolite accumulation and stress response. However, there is a knowledge gap in how genetic factors influence the interaction of endophytes with host plants, pathogens, and other plant microbial communities, eventually controlling the extended microbial plant phenotype. This review will summarize how host genetic factors can impact the abundance and functional diversity of the endophytic microbial community, how endophytes influence host gene expression, and the host-endophyte-pathogen disease triangle. This information will provide novel insights into how breeders could specifically target the plant-endophyte extended phenotype for crop improvement.
植物表型是一个复杂的实体，很大程度上受基因型和各种环境因素的控制。重要的是，共同进化使植物能够与周围的生物因素共存。最近，植物内生菌作为一种外部植物表型，构成了植物微生物群落复杂整体的一部分，受到了植物科学家的极大关注。在功能上，内生菌在许多方面影响植物，包括增加养分有效性、增强植物应对非生物和生物胁迫的能力，以及促进重要植物次生代谢产物的积累。目前的研究致力于评估内生菌对宿主植物的表型影响，包括它们对植物代谢产物积累和胁迫反应的直接影响。然而，在遗传因素如何影响内生菌与宿主植物、病原体及其他植物微生物群落的相互作用，最终控制扩展的微生物植物表型方面，存在知识空白。本综述将总结宿主遗传因素如何影响内生菌微生物群落的丰度和功能多样性、内生菌如何影响宿主基因表达，以及宿主 - 内生菌 - 病原体病害三角关系。这些信息将为育种者如何针对植物 - 内生菌扩展表型进行作物改良提供新的见解。
