Nanbo Asuka
National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.
Microorganisms. 2024 Apr 17;12(4):806. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms12040806.
The three subfamilies of herpesviruses (alphaherpesviruses, betaherpesviruses, and gammaherpesviruses) appear to share a unique mechanism for the maturation and egress of virions, mediated by several budding and fusion processes of various organelle membranes during replication, which prevents cellular membrane disruption. Newly synthesized viral DNA is packaged into capsids within the nucleus, which are subsequently released into the cytoplasm via sequential fusion (primary envelopment) and budding through the inner and outer nuclear membranes. Maturation concludes with tegumentation and the secondary envelopment of nucleocapsids, which are mediated by budding into various cell organelles. Intracellular compartments containing mature virions are transported to the plasma membrane via host vesicular trafficking machinery, where they fuse with the plasma membrane to extracellularly release mature virions. The entire process of viral maturation is orchestrated by sequential interactions between viral proteins and intracellular membranes. Compared with other herpesvirus subfamilies, the mechanisms of gammaherpesvirus maturation and egress remain poorly understood. This review summarizes the major findings, including recently updated information of the molecular mechanism underlying the maturation and egress process of the Epstein-Barr virus, a ubiquitous human gammaherpesvirus subfamily member that infects most of the population worldwide and is associated with a number of human malignancies.
疱疹病毒的三个亚科(α疱疹病毒、β疱疹病毒和γ疱疹病毒)似乎共享一种独特的病毒体成熟和释放机制,该机制由复制过程中各种细胞器膜的多个出芽和融合过程介导,可防止细胞膜破裂。新合成的病毒DNA被包装进细胞核内的衣壳中,随后通过连续融合(初次包膜化)并穿过内核膜和外核膜出芽而释放到细胞质中。成熟过程以核衣壳的被膜化和二次包膜化结束,这是通过出芽进入各种细胞器介导的。含有成熟病毒体的细胞内区室通过宿主囊泡运输机制被转运到质膜,在那里它们与质膜融合以在细胞外释放成熟病毒体。病毒成熟的整个过程由病毒蛋白与细胞内膜之间的顺序相互作用精心编排。与其他疱疹病毒亚科相比,γ疱疹病毒成熟和释放的机制仍知之甚少。本综述总结了主要发现,包括最近更新的关于爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒成熟和释放过程的分子机制的信息,爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒是一种普遍存在的人类γ疱疹病毒亚科成员,感染全球大多数人群,并与多种人类恶性肿瘤相关。