Ventura-Enríquez Yanet, Cortina-De la Rosa Evelyn, Díaz-Padilla Elizabeth, Murrieta Sandra, Segundo-Martínez Silvia, Fernández-Sánchez Verónica, Vargas-De-León Cruz
Banco de Sangre, Centro Médico Naval (CEMENAV), Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04470, Mexico.
Departamento de Hematología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico.
Viruses. 2024 Apr 1;16(4):551. doi: 10.3390/v16040551.
Booster doses of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine have been recommended to improve and prolong immunity, address waning immunity over time, and contribute to the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. A heterologous booster vaccine strategy may offer advantages over a homologous approach. To compare the immunogenicity of two doses of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine with a ChAdOx1-S booster dose, immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti-spike (anti-S) and anti-nucleocapsid (anti-N) antibody titers (Ab) were compared over 1 year and post-booster vaccination. Results showed that, at 3- to 9-month assessments in vaccinated subjects, an-ti-N Ab were undetectable in participants with no history of COVID-19. In contrast, anti-S Ab measurements were lower than those with COVID-19, and a decrease was observed during the 9 months of observation. After booster vaccination, no differences were found in anti-S between participants who reported a history of COVID-19 and those who did not. Anti-S levels were higher after booster vaccination measurement vs. at 9 months in participants with COVID-19 and without COVID-19, i.e., independent of an infection history. Vaccine administration elicited a response of higher anti-S IgG levels in those infected before vaccination, although levels decreased during the first nine months. IgG anti-N titers were higher in participants with a history of declared infection and who were asymptomatic. The ChAdOx1-S booster increased anti-S Ab levels in participants regardless of whether they had been infected or not to a significantly higher value than with the first two vaccines. These findings underscore the importance of booster vaccination in eliciting a robust and sustained immune response against COVID-19, regardless of the prior infection status.
已建议接种新冠病毒疫苗加强针，以增强和延长免疫力，应对免疫力随时间减弱的情况，并有助于控制新冠疫情。异源加强疫苗策略可能比同源方法具有优势。为比较两剂BNT162b2 mRNA新冠疫苗与一剂ChAdOx1-S加强针的免疫原性，在加强针接种后1年内比较了免疫球蛋白G（IgG）抗刺突蛋白（抗-S）和抗核衣壳蛋白（抗-N）抗体滴度（Ab）。结果显示，在接种疫苗的受试者3至9个月的评估中，无新冠病毒感染史的参与者中抗-N抗体检测不到。相比之下，抗-S抗体测量值低于有新冠病毒感染史的参与者，且在9个月的观察期内出现下降。加强针接种后，有新冠病毒感染史的参与者和无感染史的参与者之间抗-S抗体无差异。加强针接种后测量的抗-S水平高于有新冠病毒感染史和无新冠病毒感染史的参与者在9个月时的水平，即与感染史无关。疫苗接种在接种前已感染的人群中引发了更高的抗-S IgG水平反应，尽管在最初九个月内水平有所下降。有明确感染史且无症状的参与者中IgG抗-N滴度更高。ChAdOx1-S加强针使参与者的抗-S抗体水平升高，无论他们是否曾感染过，且升高后的水平显著高于前两剂疫苗接种后的水平。这些发现强调了加强针接种在引发针对新冠病毒的强大而持续的免疫反应方面的重要性，无论先前的感染状况如何。
