Ngare Isaac, Tan Toong Seng, Toyoda Mako, Kuwata Takeo, Takahama Soichiro, Nakashima Eriko, Yamasaki Naoya, Motozono Chihiro, Fujii Teruhisa, Minami Rumi, Barabona Godfrey, Ueno Takamasa
Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan.
Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan.
Viruses. 2024 Apr 2;16(4):555. doi: 10.3390/v16040555.
People living with HIV (PLWH) could be at risk of blunted immune responses to COVID-19 vaccination. We investigated factors associated with neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses against SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern (VOCs), following two-dose and third booster monovalent COVID-19 mRNA vaccination in Japanese PLWH. NAb titers were assessed in polyclonal IgG fractions by lentiviral-based pseudovirus assays. Overall, NAb titers against Wuhan, following two-dose vaccination, were assessed in 82 PLWH on treatment, whereby 17/82 (20.73%) were classified as low-NAb participants. Within the low-NAb participants, the third booster vaccination enhanced NAb titers against Wuhan and VOCs, albeit to a significantly lower magnitude than the rest. In the multivariate analysis, NAb titers against Wuhan after two-dose vaccination correlated with age and days since vaccination, but not with CD4 count, CD4/CD8 ratio, and plasma high-sensitivity C-Reactive protein (hsCRP). Interestingly, an extended analysis within age subgroups revealed NAb titers to correlate positively with the CD4 count and negatively with plasma hsCRP in younger, but not older, participants. In conclusion, a third booster vaccination substantially enhances NAb titers, but the benefit may be suboptimal in subpopulations of PLWH exhibiting low titers at baseline. Considering clinical and immune parameters could provide a nuanced understanding of factors associated with vaccine responses in PLWH.
人类免疫缺陷病毒感染者（PLWH）可能面临对新冠病毒疫苗免疫反应减弱的风险。我们调查了日本PLWH在接种两剂和第三剂加强针单价新冠mRNA疫苗后，针对严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）及其关注变体（VOCs）的中和抗体（NAb）反应相关因素。通过基于慢病毒的假病毒试验评估多克隆IgG组分中的NAb滴度。总体而言，在82名接受治疗的PLWH中评估了两剂疫苗接种后针对武汉株的NAb滴度，其中17/82（20.73%）被归类为低NAb参与者。在低NAb参与者中，第三剂加强针疫苗提高了针对武汉株和VOCs的NAb滴度，尽管幅度明显低于其他参与者。在多变量分析中，两剂疫苗接种后针对武汉株的NAb滴度与年龄和接种后天数相关，但与CD4细胞计数、CD4/CD8比值和血浆高敏C反应蛋白（hsCRP）无关。有趣的是，在年龄亚组中的进一步分析显示，在年轻参与者而非老年参与者中，NAb滴度与CD4细胞计数呈正相关，与血浆hsCRP呈负相关。总之，第三剂加强针疫苗显著提高了NAb滴度，但在基线时滴度较低的PLWH亚群体中，益处可能并不理想。考虑临床和免疫参数可以更细致地了解PLWH中与疫苗反应相关的因素。
