Department of General Pathology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600077, India.
Department of Botany & Microbiology College of Science King Saud University, P.O Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Toxicon. 2024 May 28;243:107737. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107737. Epub 2024 Apr 26.
Botanical essential oils are natural insecticides derived from plants, offering eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic chemicals for pest control. In this study, the essential oils were extracted from Acacia nilotica seed cotyledons, and their toxicity was tested against insect pests. Furthermore, the chemical components of the essential oils were identified through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The essential oil extracted from A. nilotica seeds exhibited the highest mortality rates of 60% and 98% in Culex quinquefasciatus, and 60% and 96.66% mortality in Plutella xylostella at 24 and 48 h after treatment, respectively. The essential oils resulted in a lower LC of 159.263 ppm/mL, and LC of 320.930 ppm/mL within 24 h. In 48 h, the LC was 52.070 ppm/mL and the LC was 195.123 ppm/mL for C. quinquefasciatus. In the essential oil treatment of P. xylostella, the lower LC was 165.900 ppm/mL, and the LC was 343.840 ppm/mL 24 h after the treatment. At 48 h post-treatment, the LC decreased to 62.965 ppm/mL, and the LC decreased to 236.795 ppm/mL in P. xylostella. The study investigated the impact of essential oils on insect enzymes 24 h after treatment. The study revealed significant changes in the levels of insect enzymes, including a decrease in acetylcholinesterase enzymes and an increase in glutathione S-transferase compared to the control group. Essential oils had minimal effects, resulting in mortality rates of 30.66% and 46% at 24 and 48 h after treatment on Artemia salina. After 48 h, minimal toxic effects of essential oils were observed on E. eugeniae, with a mortality rate of 11.33%. The GC-MS analysis of A. nilotica seed-derived essential oils revealed ten major chemical constituents, including 6-hydroxymellein, phthalic acid, trichloroacetic acid, hexadecane, acetamide, heptacosane, eicosane, pentadecane, 1,3,4-eugenol, and chrodrimanin B. Among these constituents, Heptacosane is the major chemical component, and this molecule has a high potential for involvement in insecticidal activity.
植物精油是从植物中提取的天然杀虫剂，为防治害虫提供了比合成化学品更环保的替代品。在这项研究中，从相思树种子子叶中提取了精油，并测试了其对害虫的毒性。此外，通过气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）分析鉴定了精油的化学成分。从相思树种子中提取的精油对三化螟的死亡率最高，在 24 和 48 小时后分别为 60%和 98%，对小菜蛾的死亡率最高，在 24 和 48 小时后分别为 60%和 96.66%。精油的 LC 分别为 159.263ppm/mL 和 320.930ppm/mL，LC 为 52.070ppm/mL 和 195.123ppm/mL。在 48 小时时，LC 为 165.900ppm/mL，LC 为 343.840ppm/mL。研究调查了精油对昆虫酶的影响，结果发现，与对照组相比，24 小时后昆虫酶的水平发生了显著变化，包括乙酰胆碱酯酶的减少和谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶的增加。精油的影响很小，在处理后 24 和 48 小时对盐水丰年虾的死亡率分别为 30.66%和 46%。48 小时后，精油对 E. eugeniae 的毒性作用最小，死亡率为 11.33%。相思树种子衍生精油的 GC-MS 分析表明，其主要化学成分为 10 种，包括 6-羟基麦角甾醇、邻苯二甲酸、三氯乙酸、十六烷、乙酰胺、十七烷、二十烷、十五烷、1,3,4-丁香酚和克罗迪马尼 B。在这些成分中，十七烷是主要的化学成分，该分子可能具有较高的杀虫活性。
