Laerum O D
Scand J Infect Dis Suppl. 1985;47:40-3.
A short review on available toxicological data of acyclovir is given. In principle, a substance which interferes with the nucleic acid metabolism should be judged with special care for carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. Although the substance is mainly incorporated into the viral genome, very high doses have also shown genotoxic effects in mammalian cell systems. However, since such effects are found only in doses where also naturally occurring nucleosides show the same effect, this manifestation does not appear to represent a potential hazard. In general, acyclovir seems to have a low toxic potential. Data from available investigations do not give support for a mutagen, teratogen or carcinogen hazard in patients receiving recommended clinical doses. An awareness of a potential risk for the fetus, especially with infusion treatment should nonetheless be kept in mind. The possibility of kidney damage with accumulation of the drug should also be taken into account. Such damage seems to have less importance with p.o. administration, and has little or no importance with the proposed use of eye ointment.
本文对阿昔洛韦现有的毒理学数据进行了简要综述。原则上，对于一种干扰核酸代谢的物质，其致癌和致突变特性应格外谨慎地判断。尽管该物质主要整合到病毒基因组中，但高剂量时在哺乳动物细胞系统中也显示出遗传毒性作用。然而，由于仅在天然存在的核苷也显示相同作用的剂量下才发现这种效应，所以这种表现似乎不构成潜在危害。总体而言，阿昔洛韦的潜在毒性似乎较低。现有研究数据不支持接受推荐临床剂量的患者存在诱变、致畸或致癌风险。不过，仍应牢记对胎儿存在潜在风险，尤其是在输液治疗时。还应考虑药物蓄积导致肾损伤的可能性。口服给药时这种损伤似乎不太重要，而对于拟用的眼膏剂则几乎没有或根本没有重要性。
