Mavroeidis Vasileios K, Knapton Jennifer, Saffioti Francesca, Morganstein Daniel L
Department of HPB Surgery, Bristol Royal Infirmary, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol BS2 8HW, United Kingdom.
Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol BS10 5NB, United Kingdom.
World J Diabetes. 2024 Apr 15;15(4):598-605. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i4.598.
Pancreatic surgery units undertake several complex operations, albeit with considerable morbidity and mortality, as is the case for the management of complicated acute pancreatitis or chronic pancreatitis. The centralisation of pancreatic surgery services, with the development of designated large-volume centres, has contributed to significantly improved outcomes. In this editorial, we discuss the complex associations between diabetes mellitus (DM) and pancreatic/periampullary disease in the context of pancreatic surgery and overall management of complex pancreatitis, highlighting the consequential needs and the indispensable role of specialist diabetes teams in support of tertiary pancreatic services. Type 3c pancreatogenic DM, refers to DM developing in the setting of exocrine pancreatic disease, and its identification and management can be challenging, while the glycaemic control of such patients may affect their course of treatment and outcome. Adequate preoperative diabetes assessment is warranted to aid identification of patients who are likely to need commencement or escalation of glucose lowering therapy in the postoperative period. The incidence of new onset diabetes after pancreatic resection is widely variable in the literature, and depends on the type and extent of pancreatic resection, as is the case with pancreatic parenchymal loss in the context of severe pancreatitis. Early involvement of a specialist diabetes team is essential to ensure a holistic management. In the current era, large volume pancreatic surgery services commonly abide by the principles of enhanced recovery after surgery, with inclusion of provisions for optimisation of the perioperative glycaemic control, to improve outcomes. While various guidelines are available to aid perioperative management of DM, auditing and quality improvement platforms have highlighted deficiencies in the perioperative management of diabetic patients and areas of required improvement. The need for perioperative support of diabetic patients by specialist diabetes teams is uniformly underlined, a fact that becomes clearly more prominent at all different stages in the setting of pancreatic surgery and the management of complex pancreatitis. Therefore, pancreatic surgery and tertiary pancreatitis services must be designed with a provision for support from specialist diabetes teams. With the ongoing accumulation of evidence, it would be reasonable to consider the design of specific guidelines for the glycaemic management of these patients.
胰腺手术科室开展多种复杂手术,尽管存在相当高的发病率和死亡率,复杂急性胰腺炎或慢性胰腺炎的治疗情况便是如此。随着指定的大容量中心的发展,胰腺手术服务的集中化显著改善了治疗效果。在这篇社论中,我们讨论了糖尿病(DM)与胰腺/壶腹周围疾病在胰腺手术及复杂胰腺炎整体管理背景下的复杂关联,强调了随之而来的需求以及专科糖尿病团队在支持三级胰腺服务方面不可或缺的作用。3c型胰腺源性糖尿病是指在外分泌胰腺疾病背景下发生的糖尿病,其识别和管理具有挑战性,而此类患者的血糖控制可能会影响其治疗过程和结果。进行充分的术前糖尿病评估有助于识别术后可能需要开始或加强降糖治疗的患者。胰腺切除术后新发糖尿病的发生率在文献中差异很大,取决于胰腺切除的类型和范围,重症胰腺炎时胰腺实质的损失情况也是如此。专科糖尿病团队的早期介入对于确保全面管理至关重要。在当前时代,大容量胰腺手术服务通常遵循术后加速康复原则,包括优化围手术期血糖控制的措施,以改善治疗效果。虽然有各种指南可辅助糖尿病围手术期管理,但审核和质量改进平台凸显了糖尿病患者围手术期管理的不足以及需要改进的领域。专科糖尿病团队对糖尿病患者围手术期支持的必要性得到了一致强调,这一事实在胰腺手术及复杂胰腺炎管理的所有不同阶段都变得更加明显。因此,胰腺手术和三级胰腺炎服务的设计必须考虑到专科糖尿病团队的支持。随着证据的不断积累,考虑为这些患者的血糖管理制定具体指南是合理的。