Hubei Key Laboratory of Renal Disease Occurrence and Intervention, Medical School, Hubei Polytechnic University, 435003 Huangshi, Hubei, China.
Department of Molecular Mechanisms Research and Treatment of Skin Tumors, Huangshi Central Hospital, 435000 Huangshi, Hubei, China.
Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2024 Apr 9;29(4):143. doi: 10.31083/j.fbl2904143.
Coenzyme A (CoA) functions as a crucial carrier of acyl groups within cells, playing a fundamental role in regulating acyl transfer reactions and participating in cellular metabolic processes. As the principal substrate and cofactor engaged in diverse metabolic reactions, CoA and its derivatives exert central influence over various physiological processes, primarily modulating lipid and ketone metabolism, as well as protein modification. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the molecular mechanisms by which CoA influences the onset and progression of cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD), neurodegenerative disorders, and other illnesses. The main focal points include the following. (1) In cancer, enzymes such as acetyl-CoA synthetase 2, ATP citrate lyase, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase regulate lipid synthesis and energy metabolism by modulating acetyl-CoA levels. (2) In CVD, the effects of enzymes such as stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMGC) synthase 2, and HMGC reductase on the formation and advancement of these diseases are elucidated by their regulation of CoA metabolism across multiple organs. (3) In neurodegenerative disorders, the significance of CoA in maintaining cholesterol homeostasis in the brain and its implications on the development of such disorders are thoroughly discussed. The metabolic processes involving CoA and its derivatives span all physiological aspects within cells, playing a critical role in the onset and progression of various diseases. Elucidating the role of CoA in these conditions yields important insights that can serve as valuable references and guidance for disease diagnosis, treatment, and drug development.
辅酶 A（CoA）作为细胞内酰基的重要载体，在调节酰基转移反应和参与细胞代谢过程中起着至关重要的作用。作为参与多种代谢反应的主要底物和辅助因子，CoA 及其衍生物对各种生理过程产生核心影响，主要调节脂质和酮体代谢以及蛋白质修饰。本文全面综述了 CoA 影响癌症、心血管疾病（CVD）、神经退行性疾病等疾病发生和发展的分子机制。主要焦点包括以下几点。（1）在癌症中，乙酰辅酶 A 合成酶 2、三磷酸柠檬酸裂解酶和乙酰辅酶 A 羧化酶等酶通过调节乙酰辅酶 A 水平来调节脂质合成和能量代谢。（2）在心脑血管疾病中，阐明了硬脂酰辅酶 A 去饱和酶 1、3-羟-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶 A（HMGC）合成酶 2 和 HMGC 还原酶等酶通过调节 CoA 代谢在多个器官中对这些疾病的形成和进展的影响。（3）在神经退行性疾病中，深入讨论了 CoA 在维持大脑胆固醇平衡中的重要性及其对这些疾病发展的影响。涉及 CoA 及其衍生物的代谢过程涵盖了细胞内所有生理方面，在各种疾病的发生和发展中起着关键作用。阐明 CoA 在这些情况下的作用提供了重要的见解，可以作为疾病诊断、治疗和药物开发的有价值的参考和指导。
