Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP 3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
Environ Sci Technol. 2024 May 14;58(19):8194-8206. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.3c09903. Epub 2024 Apr 29.
Phenolic compounds are largely emitted from biomass burning (BB) and have a significant potential to form SOA (Phc-SOA). However, the toxicological properties of Phc-SOA remain unclear. In this study, phenol and guaiacol were chosen as two representative phenolic gases in BB plumes, and the toxicological properties of water-soluble components of their SOA generated under different photochemical ages and NO levels were investigated. Phenolic compounds contribute greatly to the oxidative potential (OP) of biomass-burning SOA. OH-adducts of guaiacol (e.g., 2-methoxyhydroquinone) were identified as components of guaiacol SOA (GSOA) with high OP. The addition of nitro groups to 2,5-dimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone, a surrogate quinone compound in Phc-SOA, increased its OP. The toxicity of both phenol SOA (PSOA) and GSOA in vitro in human alveolar epithelial cells decreased with aging in terms of both cell death and cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), possibly due to more ring-opening products with relatively low toxicity. The influence of NO was consistent between cell death and cellular ROS for GSOA but not for PSOA, indicating that cellular ROS production does not necessarily represent all processes contributing to cell death caused by PSOA. Combining different acellular and cellular assays can provide a comprehensive understanding of aerosol toxicological properties.
酚类化合物主要来自生物质燃烧 (BB)，具有很大的形成 SOA（Phc-SOA）的潜力。然而，Phc-SOA 的毒理学性质尚不清楚。在这项研究中，选择苯酚和愈创木酚作为 BB 羽流中两种代表性的酚类气体，研究了它们在不同光化学年龄和 NO 水平下生成的 SOA 的水溶性成分的毒理学性质。酚类化合物对生物质燃烧 SOA 的氧化潜力 (OP) 有很大贡献。愈创木酚的 OH 加合物（例如 2-甲氧基氢醌）被鉴定为具有高 OP 的愈创木酚 SOA（GSOA）的组成部分。在 Phc-SOA 中替代醌类化合物的 2,5-二甲基-1,4-苯醌上添加硝基基团会增加其 OP。体外人肺泡上皮细胞中苯酚 SOA (PSOA) 和 GSOA 的毒性随老化而降低，无论是细胞死亡还是细胞活性氧 (ROS) 均如此，这可能是由于具有相对较低毒性的更多开环产物。NO 的影响在 GSOA 的细胞死亡和细胞 ROS 之间是一致的，但在 PSOA 中则不一致，表明细胞 ROS 的产生不一定代表导致 PSOA 引起的细胞死亡的所有过程。结合不同的非细胞和细胞测定可以全面了解气溶胶的毒理学性质。
