了解非裔和东亚裔美国家庭群体对甜味的喜好的决定因素：一项研究方案。

Understanding the determinants of sweet taste liking in the African and East Asian ancestry groups in the U.S.-A study protocol.

机构信息

City University of New York, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America.

Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.

出版信息

PLoS One. 2024 Apr 29;19(4):e0300071. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300071. eCollection 2024.

DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0300071

PMID:38683826

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11057733/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The liking for sweet taste is a powerful driver for consuming added sugars, and therefore, understanding how sweet liking is formed is a critical step in devising strategies to lower added sugars consumption. However, current research on the influence of genetic and environmental factors on sweet liking is mostly based on research conducted with individuals of European ancestry. Whether these results can be generalized to people of other ancestry groups warrants investigation.

METHODS

We will determine the differences in allele frequencies in sweet-related genetic variants and their effects on sweet liking in 426 adults of either African or East Asian ancestry, who have the highest and lowest average added sugars intake, respectively, among ancestry groups in the U.S. We will collect information on participants' sweet-liking phenotype, added sugars intake (sweetness exposure), anthropometric measures, place-of-birth, and for immigrants, duration of time living in the U.S. and age when immigrated. Ancestry-specific polygenic scores of sweet liking will be computed based on the effect sizes of the sweet-related genetic variants on the sweet-liking phenotype for each ancestry group. The predictive validity of the polygenic scores will be tested using individuals of African and East Asian ancestry from the UK Biobank. We will also compare sweet liking between U.S.-born individuals and immigrants within each ancestry group to test whether differences in environmental sweetness exposure during childhood affect sweet liking in adulthood.

DISCUSSION

Expanding genetic research on taste to individuals from ancestry groups traditionally underrepresented in such research is consistent with equity goals in sensory and nutrition science. Findings from this study will help in the development of a more personalized nutrition approach for diverse populations.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

This protocol has been preregistered with the Center for Open Science (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/WPR9E).

摘要

背景

对甜味的喜好是摄入添加糖的强大驱动力，因此，了解甜味喜好是如何形成的是制定降低添加糖摄入量策略的关键步骤。然而，目前关于遗传和环境因素对甜味喜好影响的研究主要基于对欧洲血统个体进行的研究。这些结果是否可以推广到其他血统群体，值得研究。

方法

我们将确定 426 名非洲或东亚血统的成年人中与甜味相关的遗传变异的等位基因频率差异及其对甜味喜好的影响，这些成年人分别是美国各血统群体中平均添加糖摄入量最高和最低的人群。我们将收集参与者的甜味喜好表型、添加糖摄入量（甜度暴露）、人体测量指标、出生地以及对于移民，在美国的居住时间和移民时的年龄等信息。将根据每个血统群体中与甜味相关的遗传变异对甜味喜好表型的影响大小，计算出特定于血统的甜味喜好多基因评分。将使用来自英国生物库的非洲和东亚血统的个体来测试多基因评分的预测有效性。我们还将比较每个血统群体中美国出生的个体和移民之间的甜味喜好，以检验儿童时期环境甜度暴露的差异是否会影响成年后的甜味喜好。