Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway.
Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway.
Environ Res. 2024 Jul 1;252(Pt 4):119021. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119021. Epub 2024 Apr 27.
Demand for n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) exceeds supply. Large-scale studies on effects of season and geography of n-3 PUFAs in marine fish from the Northeast Atlantic Ocean (NEAO) may be used to optimize utilization and improve nutrition security. Using a sinusoid model, seasonal cycles of n-3 PUFAs were determined and found to be species-specific and clearly pronounced for the pelagic zooplankton feeding species. The Greenland halibut showed very little seasonal variation. The n-3 PUFA content in North Sea autumn-spawning (NSAS) herring peaked in summer, while Norwegian spring-spawning (NSS) herring and mackerel had their peak in autumn. A time shift of peaks in n-3 PUFAs between the two herring stocks was detected, likely due to different spawning strategies in addition to a delay of n-3 PUFAs flux in the northern regions of the NEAO. This study demonstrates that consideration of nutrient contents, such as n-3 PUFAs, when organizing and structuring fishery approaches may improve overall nutritional yield. Based on total annual Norwegian fish landings and seasonal variation in n-3 PUFA contents, n-3 PUFAs yield could theoretically be increased from 13.79 kilo ton per year from the current fishing tactics, to 15.54 if the pelagic species were only caught during the time of their seasonal n-3 PUFA peaks. Pelagic fish is a good source for dietary n-3 PUFAs, but harvest timing will also influence n-3 PUFAs intake by human consumers. One portion of fatty fish harvested during winter/spring may not meet the weekly intake reference nutritional guidelines for n-3 PUFAs. Marine n-3 PUFAs yields also varied geographically and decreased southwards, with the lowest values in Skagerrak. This study can serve as a model to understand patterns of reproductive cycles and geographical distribution of n-3 PUFAs in fatty fish from the NEAO and the novel approach may be useful to support sustainable, seasonal fishing programmes for optimization of n-3 PUFAs yields.
对 n-3 多不饱和脂肪酸（n-3 PUFAs）的需求超过了供应。对东北大西洋（NEAO）海洋鱼类中 n-3 PUFAs 的季节和地理影响进行大规模研究，可用于优化利用并提高营养安全性。使用正弦模型确定了 n-3 PUFAs 的季节性周期，发现其具有物种特异性，并且对浮游动物摄食物种表现得非常明显。格陵兰比目鱼的季节性变化很小。北海秋季产卵（NSAS）鲱鱼的 n-3 PUFA 含量在夏季达到峰值，而挪威春季产卵（NSS）鲱鱼和鲭鱼的 n-3 PUFA 含量在秋季达到峰值。在这两种鲱鱼种群之间检测到 n-3 PUFAs 峰值的时间转移，这可能是由于除了在 NEAO 北部地区 n-3 PUFAs 通量延迟之外，还存在不同的产卵策略。这项研究表明，在组织和构建渔业方法时考虑营养成分（如 n-3 PUFAs）可能会提高整体营养产量。根据挪威鱼类的年总捕捞量和 n-3 PUFA 含量的季节性变化，如果仅在季节性 n-3 PUFA 峰值期间捕捞洄游性鱼类，理论上 n-3 PUFAs 的产量可以从当前捕捞策略的 13.79 千吨/年增加到 15.54 千吨/年。洄游性鱼类是饮食中 n-3 PUFAs 的良好来源，但收获时间也会影响人类消费者对 n-3 PUFAs 的摄入量。在冬季/春季收获的一份高脂肪鱼类可能无法满足每周 n-3 PUFAs 参考营养指南的摄入量。海洋 n-3 PUFAs 的产量也在地理上有所差异，并向南减少，在斯卡格拉克海峡达到最低值。本研究可作为了解 NEAO 高脂肪鱼类生殖周期和 n-3 PUFAs 地理分布模式的模型，这种新方法可能有助于支持可持续的季节性捕捞计划，以优化 n-3 PUFAs 的产量。
