Weżgowiec Joanna, Małysa Andrzej, Więckiewicz Mieszko
Department of Experimental Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland.
Dent Med Probl. 2024 Apr 30. doi: 10.17219/dmp/174708.
The mechanical reliability of occlusal splints and their long-term behavior are significant factors determining the clinical outcome of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) therapy. However, improvements are still needed in this area.
This in vitro study aimed to (1) compare the hardness and flexural properties of materials manufactured using 3 techniques for occlusal splint fabrication (conventional heat curing, thermoforming followed by light curing, and three-dimensional (3D) printing) and (2) analyze the effect of artificial aging on the properties of the materials.
A total of 120 disc-shaped specimens were manufactured for the Shore D hardness evaluation, and 120 bar-shaped specimens were fabricated for the flexural properties evaluation (n = 15 for each group). Each material was tested in 2 groups of specimens, non-aged and artificially aged (stored for 90 days in water at 37°C). Statistical differences were assessed using one-way or two-way parametric analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey's or Šídák's post-hoc test, or the non-parametric KruskalWallis test with Dunn's post-hoc test. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
The mechanical properties of the materials varied significantly. Among the non-aged materials, the 3D-printed resin exhibited the highest Shore D hardness (85.3D), but it decreased significantly after 90 days of water storage (80.4D, p < 0.0001). The unpolished heat curing acrylic showed the highest resistance to artificial aging (p = 0.0436). However, its hardness decreased significantly after polishing (81.0D vs. 83.4D, p = 0.0015). The conventional heat curing material also exhibited superior flexural properties (σ = 89.63 MPa, E = 2616 MPa). All tested materials were susceptible to deterioration due to aging.
The conventional method of occlusal splint fabrication remains the optimal choice, particularly for long-term use. However, it is still necessary to develop materials that are resistant to aging in order to ensure successful clinical performance.
咬合板的机械可靠性及其长期性能是决定颞下颌关节紊乱病（TMD）治疗临床效果的重要因素。然而，该领域仍需改进。
本体外研究旨在（1）比较使用三种咬合板制作技术（传统热固化、热成型后光固化和三维（3D）打印）制造的材料的硬度和弯曲性能，以及（2）分析人工老化对材料性能的影响。
共制作120个圆盘形试件用于邵氏D硬度评估，制作120个条形试件用于弯曲性能评估（每组n = 15）。每种材料在两组试件中进行测试，一组未老化，另一组人工老化（在37°C水中储存90天）。使用单因素或双因素参数方差分析（ANOVA）以及Tukey或Šídák事后检验，或使用Dunn事后检验的非参数KruskalWallis检验评估统计学差异。p值小于0.05被认为具有统计学意义。
材料的力学性能差异显著。在未老化材料中，3D打印树脂的邵氏D硬度最高（85.3D），但在储存90天后显著下降（80.4D，p < 0.0001）。未抛光的热固化丙烯酸树脂对人工老化的抵抗力最强（p = 0.0436）。然而，抛光后其硬度显著下降（81.0D对83.4D，p = 0.0015）。传统热固化材料也表现出优异的弯曲性能（σ = 89.63 MPa，E = 2616 MPa）。所有测试材料都容易因老化而劣化。
传统的咬合板制作方法仍然是最佳选择，特别是对于长期使用。然而，为确保临床性能成功，仍有必要开发抗老化材料。
