Translation Region for Digitalised Healthcare, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Medicine, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
Health Service Research Working Group | Acute Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Medicine, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
JMIR Hum Factors. 2024 Apr 30;11:e51587. doi: 10.2196/51587.
The use of drones in the health care sector is increasingly being discussed against the background of the aging population and the growing shortage of skilled workers. In particular, the use of drones to provide medication in rural areas could bring advantages for the care of people with and without a need for care. However, there are hardly any data available that focus on the interaction between humans and drones.
This study aims to disclose and analyze factors associated with user acceptance of drone-based medication delivery to derive practice-relevant guidance points for participatory technology development (for apps and drones).
A controlled mixed methods study was conducted that supports the technical development process of an app design for drone-assisted drug delivery based on a participatory research design. For the quantitative analysis, established and standardized survey instruments to capture technology acceptance, such as the System Usability Scale; Technology Usage Inventory (TUI); and the Motivation, Engagement, and Thriving in User Experience model, were used. To avoid possible biasing effects from a continuous user development (eg, response shifts and learning effects), an ad hoc group was formed at each of the 3 iterative development steps and was subsequently compared with the consisting core group, which went through all 3 iterations.
The study found a positive correlation between the usability of a pharmacy drone app and participants' willingness to use it (r=0.833). Participants' perception of usefulness positively influenced their willingness to use the app (r=0.487; TUI). Skepticism had a negative impact on perceived usability and willingness to use it (r=-0.542; System Usability Scale and r=-0.446; TUI). The study found that usefulness, skepticism, and curiosity explained most of the intention to use the app (F=21.12; P<.001; R=0.788; adjusted R=0.751). The core group showed higher ratings on the intention to use the pharmacy drone app than the ad hoc groups. Results of the 2-tailed t tests showed a higher rating on usability for the third iteration of the core group compared with the first iteration.
With the help of the participatory design, important aspects of acceptance could be revealed by the people involved in relation to drone-assisted drug delivery. For example, the length of time spent using the technology is an important factor for the intention to use the app. Technology-specific factors such as user-friendliness or curiosity are directly related to the use acceptance of the drone app. Results of this study showed that the more participants perceived their own competence in handling the app, the more they were willing to use the technology and the more they rated the app as usable.
在人口老龄化和熟练工人短缺的背景下，医疗领域越来越多地讨论使用无人机。特别是，在农村地区使用无人机提供药物可能会为有需要和没有需要护理的人提供护理优势。然而，几乎没有任何数据专门关注人机交互。
本研究旨在揭示和分析与基于无人机的药物输送的用户接受度相关的因素，为参与式技术开发（应用程序和无人机）得出实践相关的指导要点。
进行了一项对照混合方法研究，该研究支持基于参与式研究设计的无人机辅助药物输送应用程序设计的技术开发过程。对于定量分析，使用了经过验证和标准化的技术接受度测量工具，如系统可用性量表、技术使用清单（TUI）和用户体验的动机、参与度和蓬勃发展模型。为避免连续用户开发（例如，反应转移和学习效应）可能产生的偏差影响，在每个迭代开发的三个步骤中形成了一个特定的组，然后与经历了所有三个迭代的核心组进行比较。
研究发现，药房无人机应用程序的可用性与参与者使用该应用程序的意愿呈正相关（r=0.833）。参与者对有用性的感知积极影响他们使用该应用程序的意愿（r=0.487；TUI）。怀疑对感知可用性和使用意愿有负面影响（r=-0.542；系统可用性量表和 r=-0.446；TUI）。研究发现，有用性、怀疑和好奇心解释了大多数使用该应用程序的意图（F=21.12；P<.001；R=0.788；调整后的 R=0.751）。核心组对使用药房无人机应用程序的意图评分高于特定组。双尾 t 检验的结果显示，与第一轮迭代相比，核心组的第三轮迭代对可用性的评分更高。
在参与式设计的帮助下，与无人机辅助药物输送相关的相关人员揭示了接受的重要方面。例如，使用技术的时间长度是应用程序使用意图的一个重要因素。特定于技术的因素，如用户友好性或好奇心，与无人机应用程序的使用接受度直接相关。本研究的结果表明，参与者对自己处理应用程序的能力的感知越强，他们使用技术的意愿就越强，对应用程序的可用性评价就越高。
