Badea Daniel Onut, Trifu Alina, Darabont Doru Costin
National Research and Development Institute on Occupational Safety - I.N.C.D.P.M. "Alexandru Darabont", 35A Ghencea Blvd., 061692, Bucharest, Romania.
Sci Rep. 2024 Apr 30;14(1):9916. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-60817-w.
Our understanding of the environmental and occupational health implications of pollutants emitted in steel production is still lacking, despite the considerable amount of research devoted to this topic. Given the significance of steel recycling and the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, many steel factories are adopting electric arc furnace (EAF) technology. The use of a technological system designed for the capture of pollutants emitted through EAF steel production is highly ecological because of its utilization of iron scrap and low investment cost. Despite this, the main issue with the EAF is the environmental impact it poses, specifically the release of pollutants into the air, such as dust and organic substances, chlorinated dioxins and furans, dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls and brominated dioxins and furans. As a result, workers in this field have a considerable rate of morbidity. The main challenge for EAFs is to optimize the capture of powders produced during the techno-logical process, both from the EAF and the workplace. A state-of-the art solution for managing pollutants in modern steel manufacturing is highlighted in this paper, featuring a method used in Romania that employs the Best Available Techniques (BAT) reference document for iron and steel production to directly collect pollutants from the EAF. The system included a cylindrical fitting, a heat exchanger to cool the gases and a hood to collect contaminants. In comparison to other ventilation options, this equipment boasts lower investment and lower operational costs because of its effective and minimal air flow. Through the use of cutting-edge technology and progressive strategies, we can move closer toward our objective of a workplace free from injuries in the steel industry.
尽管针对这一主题已有大量研究，但我们对钢铁生产中排放的污染物对环境和职业健康的影响仍缺乏了解。鉴于钢铁回收利用的重要性以及减少温室气体排放的必要性，许多钢铁厂正在采用电弧炉（EAF）技术。由于其对废铁的利用和较低的投资成本，使用专为捕获电弧炉钢铁生产过程中排放的污染物而设计的技术系统具有高度的生态效益。尽管如此，电弧炉的主要问题在于其造成的环境影响，特别是向空气中释放污染物，如粉尘和有机物质、氯代二噁英和呋喃、类二噁英多氯联苯以及溴代二噁英和呋喃。因此，该领域的工人发病率相当高。电弧炉面临的主要挑战是优化对工艺过程中产生的粉末的捕获，包括来自电弧炉和工作场所的粉末。本文重点介绍了现代钢铁制造中一种管理污染物的先进解决方案，其采用了罗马尼亚使用的一种方法，该方法依据钢铁生产的最佳可得技术（BAT）参考文件直接从电弧炉收集污染物。该系统包括一个圆柱形配件、一个用于冷却气体的热交换器以及一个用于收集污染物的罩子。与其他通风选项相比，该设备因其有效且最小化的气流而具有更低的投资和运营成本。通过使用前沿技术和先进策略，我们能够更接近实现钢铁行业无工伤工作场所的目标。
