Shen Xuejing, Yang Qiuting, Shen Jia, Yang Lili, Wang Minxiang, Yang Yuanping, Liu Guorui
Central Iron & Steel Research Institute, Beijing 100081, China.
Central Iron & Steel Research Institute, Beijing 100081, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2021 Jan 15;208:111722. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111722. Epub 2020 Dec 4.
The amount of steel produced using electric arc furnaces (EAFs) has been increasing in recent years. In this study, stack gases from EAFs in steelmaking plants were analyzed to determine if they are also dominant sources of polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran (PBDD/F) emissions in China. Isotope dilution high-resolution gas chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry for qualitative and quantitative analysis of PBDD/F congeners revealed that the mean PBDD/F mass concentrations were 271.1-9467.8 pg Nm for the preheating stages (PS) of three EAF plants and that the corresponding toxic equivalents (TEQs) were 10.8-971.2 pg TEQ Nm. The PBDD/F mass concentration from the smelting stage (SS) at plant E3 was 261.9 pg Nm (4.5 pg TEQ Nm). The PBDD/F emission factors (EF) during the preheating stage for the three plants were 0.0356-1.51 μg TEQ t, and the EF was 0.0359 μg TEQ t during the E3 smelting stage. PBDD/Fs were found to contribute 2.39-67.85% to the total mass and 2.84-57.68% to the total dioxin TEQ. These wide fluctuations were caused by differences in the composition of feeding materials and the working temperature of bag filters. Overall, the results indicate that PBDD/F emissions from EAF steelmaking should receive increased attention. The PBDD/F congener patterns among the three EAF plants were variable, possibly because of differences in raw materials. The results presented herein will facilitate assessment of the contribution of EAFs to total PBDD/F emissions in China and investigations of PBDD/F emissions at different stages of steelmaking processes using EAFs.
近年来，使用电弧炉（EAF）生产的钢产量一直在增加。在本研究中，对炼钢厂电弧炉的烟道气进行了分析，以确定它们是否也是中国多溴二苯并对二恶英和二苯并呋喃（PBDD/F）排放的主要来源。采用同位素稀释高分辨率气相色谱-高分辨率质谱法对PBDD/F同系物进行定性和定量分析，结果表明，三座电弧炉厂预热阶段（PS）的PBDD/F质量浓度平均值为271.1-9467.8 pg Nm，相应的毒性当量（TEQ）为10.8-971.2 pg TEQ Nm。E3厂冶炼阶段（SS）的PBDD/F质量浓度为261.9 pg Nm（4.5 pg TEQ Nm）。三座厂预热阶段的PBDD/F排放因子（EF）为0.0356-1.51 μg TEQ/t，E3厂冶炼阶段的EF为0.0359 μg TEQ/t。发现PBDD/F占总质量的2.39-67.85%，占总二恶英TEQ的2.84-57.68%。这些较大的波动是由进料组成和袋式过滤器工作温度的差异引起的。总体而言，结果表明电弧炉炼钢过程中的PBDD/F排放应得到更多关注。三座电弧炉厂之间的PBDD/F同系物模式各不相同，可能是由于原材料的差异。本文给出的结果将有助于评估电弧炉对中国PBDD/F总排放量的贡献，以及调查电弧炉炼钢过程不同阶段的PBDD/F排放情况。
