Hamamoto Itsuki
Laboratory of Cell-based Vaccine Development, Research Center for Influenza and Respiratory Viruses, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
Glob Health Med. 2024 Apr 30;6(2):93-100. doi: 10.35772/ghm.2023.01070.
Seasonal influenza is an acute respiratory infection primarily caused by influenza A and B viruses, which circulate annually and cause substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. Annual influenza vaccination is currently the most effective measure for preventing influenza and greatly reduces the risk of disease severity and the incidence of complications and death. Annual seasonal influenza vaccines are traditionally produced in Japan and many other countries using viruses propagated in embryonated chicken eggs. However, at present, the effectiveness of the seasonal influenza vaccines has some significant limitations, partly because of egg-adaptive mutations in the antigenic sites of the influenza virus haemagglutinin, which are caused by the continued evolution of seasonal influenza viruses. To overcome the limitations of egg-based influenza vaccine production, a mammalian cell culture-based influenza vaccine production system has been developed in Japan in the past decade as an alternative to the current production method. In this review, I have summarised the progress in the development of cell-based seasonal influenza vaccines and discussed the technological challenges encountered in the development of influenza vaccines.
季节性流感是一种主要由甲型和乙型流感病毒引起的急性呼吸道感染，这些病毒每年都会传播，在全球范围内导致大量发病和死亡。目前，每年接种流感疫苗是预防流感最有效的措施，可大大降低疾病严重程度的风险以及并发症和死亡的发生率。传统上，日本和许多其他国家使用在鸡胚中繁殖的病毒生产年度季节性流感疫苗。然而，目前季节性流感疫苗的有效性存在一些重大局限性，部分原因是季节性流感病毒的持续进化导致流感病毒血凝素抗原位点发生了适应鸡蛋的突变。为克服基于鸡蛋的流感疫苗生产的局限性，在过去十年中，日本开发了一种基于哺乳动物细胞培养的流感疫苗生产系统，作为当前生产方法的替代方案。在这篇综述中，我总结了基于细胞的季节性流感疫苗的开发进展，并讨论了流感疫苗开发中遇到的技术挑战。
