Zhang Bo, Feng Meiyi, Du Chao, Guo Yuanhao
School of Mining Engineering, Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150022, China.
Heilongjiang Province Geophysical Survey Survey Institute, Harbin, 150036, China.
Sci Rep. 2024 May 1;14(1):10033. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-60588-4.
In the process of oilfield exploitation and production, harmful pollutants, such as Crude oil that falls to the ground (generally refers to crude oil that leaks to the ground during oil production or transportation), production wastewater and oil-bearing mud are produced. In this contribution, the soil and crude oil from Daqing area are adopted as experimental materials to make a soil column-experimental device. The results show that the maximum migration depth of petroleum pollutants is 25 cm, most of the pollutants exist above 10 cm. The components of pollutants in disturbed soil column are complex, and the peak area of each component is large, mainly distributed in C-C, while in undisturbed soil column, the content of pollutants is small, and the peak area of each component is also small, mainly distributed in C-C. With the increase of depth, the relative content of aromatic hydrocarbons increases. The migration ability of low carbon component is weaker than the other components in crude oil. The components with high carbon number are significantly higher in shallow part. The relative contents of each component from high to low are saturates, aromatic hydrocarbons, resin and asphaltene in the soil. Compared with disturbed soil columns, the structure of undisturbed soil is complex, and the migration rate of pollutants in undisturbed soil is slower than that in disturbed soil. With the increase of depth, the light components of disturbed soil columns gradually decrease, and the relative content of heavy components changes little. The light components of the undisturbed soil column also gradually decreased, and the heavy components greater than C22 did not migrate to the depth of the soil column.
在油田开发生产过程中，会产生有害污染物，如落地原油（一般指石油生产或运输过程中泄漏到地面的原油）、采油废水和含油污泥等。本研究采用大庆地区的土壤和原油作为实验材料制作土柱实验装置。结果表明，石油污染物的最大迁移深度为25厘米，大部分污染物存在于10厘米以上。扰动土柱中污染物的成分复杂，各组分的峰面积较大，主要分布在C-C段；而在未扰动土柱中，污染物含量较少，各组分的峰面积也较小，主要分布在C-C段。随着深度增加，芳烃的相对含量增加。原油中低碳组分的迁移能力弱于其他组分。高碳数组分在浅层显著较高。土壤中各组分的相对含量由高到低依次为饱和烃、芳烃、树脂和沥青质。与扰动土柱相比，未扰动土的结构复杂，污染物在未扰动土中的迁移速率比扰动土慢。随着深度增加，扰动土柱的轻质组分逐渐减少，重组分的相对含量变化不大。未扰动土柱的轻质组分也逐渐减少，大于C22的重组分未迁移到土柱深部。
