State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China; College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
Environ Pollut. 2024 Jun 15;351:124085. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124085. Epub 2024 Apr 30.
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are extensively applied in various materials as flame retardants and plasticizers, and have high biological toxicity. OPEs are detected worldwide, even in distant polar regions and the Tibetan Plateau (TP). However, few studies have been performed to evaluate the distribution patterns and origins of OPEs in different climate systems on the TP. This study investigated the distribution characteristics, possible sources, and ecological risks of OPEs in soils from the different climate systems on the TP and its surroundings. The total concentrations of OPEs in soil varied from 468 to 17,451 pg g dry weight, with greater concentrations in southeast Tibet (monsoon zone), followed by Qinghai (transition zone) and, finally, southern Xingjiang (westerly zone). OPE composition profiles also differed among the three areas with tri-n-butyl phosphate dominant in the westerly zone and tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate dominant in the Indian monsoon zone. Correlations between different compounds and altitude, soil organic carbon, or longitude varied in different climate zones, indicating that OPE distribution originates from both long-range atmospheric transport and local emissions. Ecological risk assessment showed that tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate and tri-phenyl phosphate exhibited medium risks in soil at several sites in southeast Tibet. Considering the sensitivity and vulnerability of TP ecosystems to anthropogenic pollutants, the ecological risks potentially caused by OPEs in this region should be further assessed.
有机磷酸酯 (OPEs) 作为阻燃剂和增塑剂广泛应用于各种材料中，具有很高的生物毒性。OPEs 已在全球范围内被检测到，甚至在遥远的极地和青藏高原 (TP) 也有发现。然而，针对青藏高原不同气候系统中 OPEs 的分布模式和来源，研究仍较少。本研究调查了青藏高原及其周边不同气候系统土壤中 OPEs 的分布特征、可能来源和生态风险。土壤中 OPEs 的总浓度范围为 468 至 17,451 pg g 干重，其中藏东南（季风区）浓度较高，其次是青海（过渡区），最后是南疆（西风区）。三个地区的 OPE 组成谱也存在差异，西风区以三正丁基磷酸酯为主，印度季风区以三（2-乙氧基乙基）磷酸酯为主。不同化合物与海拔、土壤有机碳或经度之间的相关性在不同气候区有所不同，表明 OPE 的分布既来自长程大气传输，也来自当地排放。生态风险评估显示，在藏东南的几个地点，三（2-氯乙基）磷酸酯和三苯基磷酸酯的土壤生态风险为中等。考虑到青藏高原生态系统对人为污染物的敏感性和脆弱性，该地区 OPEs 可能造成的生态风险应进一步评估。
