You Jia, Chen Zhu-Man, Hou Xian-Yu, Guo Jin-Song, Wang Chen-Chen, Gao Jun-Min
Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China.
Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Feb 1;806(Pt 3):151348. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151348. Epub 2021 Oct 30.
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are widely used flame retardants that are frequently released into the environment, causing potential harm to humans and ecosystems. Tibet is located on the Tibetan Plateau, known as the "roof of the world", but the occurrence of OPEs in Tibet remains unclear. This is the first report of the occurrence, potential sources and risks of 12 OPEs in water, soil, sediment and snow from Xainza, a typical town at high-elevation in Tibet (average elevation = 4700 m). Ten OPEs were observed, with ∑OPE concentrations of 46.45-1744.73 ng/L in surface water, 29.74-73.85 ng/g in soil, and 13.30-32.23 ng/g in sediment. Moreover, the mean ∑OPE concentration in snow was 413.90 ng/L. Tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) and tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP) were the main OPEs in surface water and snow, while 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPP) was dominant in soil and sediment. Local human activities and long-distance atmospheric transport may be the main sources of OPEs in Xainza. The assessment of ecological risk indicated that EHDPP in soil poses potential risk. The occurrence of OPEs in Xainza showed that more attention should be paid to persistent organic pollutants in high-elevation regions.
有机磷酸酯（OPEs）是广泛使用的阻燃剂，经常释放到环境中，对人类和生态系统造成潜在危害。西藏位于青藏高原，被称为“世界屋脊”，但OPEs在西藏的出现情况仍不清楚。这是关于西藏高海拔地区（平均海拔 = 4700米）典型城镇申扎水、土壤、沉积物和雪中12种OPEs的出现情况、潜在来源和风险的首次报告。共检测到10种OPEs，地表水中∑OPE浓度为46.45 - 1744.73纳克/升，土壤中为29.74 - 73.85纳克/克，沉积物中为13.30 - 32.23纳克/克。此外，雪中∑OPE平均浓度为413.90纳克/升。磷酸三（2-氯乙基）酯（TCEP）和磷酸三（2-氯异丙基）酯（TCPP）是地表水和雪中的主要OPEs，而磷酸二苯酯2-乙基己酯（EHDPP）在土壤和沉积物中占主导地位。当地人类活动和远距离大气传输可能是申扎OPEs的主要来源。生态风险评估表明，土壤中的EHDPP存在潜在风险。申扎OPEs的出现表明，高海拔地区的持久性有机污染物应得到更多关注。
