Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Feb 10;807(Pt 2):150519. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150519. Epub 2021 Oct 2.
The urbanization and development of Tibetan Plateau (TP) probably results in a significant contamination of organic pollutants, such as organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs). However, there is a lack of monitoring and evaluation of their occurrence and risks in the soil of TP. We investigated the concentrations, vertical distributions, potential sources, and ecological risks of OPFRs in soil profiles from four regions of TP, China. The total concentrations of OPFRs in all soil samples ranged from 1.35 to 126 ng/g with a median of 12.6 ng/g. Relatively high concentrations were discovered in the top soils from Lhasa, suggesting a rising contamination around cities of TP due to anthropogenic disturbance. Tri-n-butyl phosphate (TNBP) was the dominant OPFRs followed by tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP). Vertical distribution of ΣOPFRs was discovered, especially at site Lhasa. Source apportionment based on principle component analysis and correlation analysis suggests that OPFRs in the TP soil mainly originate from atmospheric transport, while some OPFRs in the top soil may be also influenced by nearby sources. The vertical distributions of OPFRs in soil may be influenced by both soil and chemical properties, as well as their use. The ecological risk quotients (RQs) of 6 OPFRs in the TP soil were calculated, and most of their ecological risks were relatively low or negligible. However, for the worst-case scenario calculated by the 95th percentile concentrations, TNBP and tris(2-chloro-isopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP) at site Lhasa and cresyl diphenyl phosphate (CDP) at site Nagri had moderate risks. More attentions should be paid to the Tibetan Plateau in the future due to the rising ecological risks of OPFRs, especially to the areas around cities.
青藏高原（TP）的城市化和发展可能导致有机污染物（如有机磷阻燃剂（OPFRs））的严重污染。然而，目前缺乏对 TP 土壤中 OPFRs 的发生和风险进行监测和评估。我们调查了中国 TP 四个地区土壤剖面中 OPFRs 的浓度、垂直分布、潜在来源和生态风险。所有土壤样品中 OPFRs 的总浓度范围为 1.35 至 126ng/g，中位数为 12.6ng/g。拉萨地区表层土壤中发现了相对较高的浓度，表明由于人为干扰，TP 周边城市的污染正在加剧。三正丁基磷酸酯（TNBP）是主要的 OPFRs，其次是三（2-氯乙基）磷酸酯（TCEP）。发现了ΣOPFRs 的垂直分布，尤其是在拉萨地区。基于主成分分析和相关分析的源分配表明，TP 土壤中的 OPFRs 主要来源于大气传输，而表层土壤中的一些 OPFRs 可能也受到附近源的影响。土壤中 OPFRs 的垂直分布可能受到土壤和化学性质以及它们的用途的影响。计算了 TP 土壤中 6 种 OPFRs 的生态风险商（RQs），它们的生态风险大多较低或可忽略不计。然而，对于拉萨地区 TNBP 和三（2-氯异丙基）磷酸酯（TCIPP）以及 Nagri 地区磷酸三（2-氯苯基）酯（CDP）计算的最差情况 95 百分位数浓度，它们的生态风险为中度。未来应更加关注青藏高原，因为 OPFRs 的生态风险正在上升，尤其是在城市周边地区。
