Curtis Brandy N, Gladfelter Amy S
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.
Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2024 Dec 2;16(12):a041528. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041528.
This review examines the relationships between membrane chemistry, curvature-sensing proteins, and cellular morphogenesis. Curvature-sensing proteins are often orders of magnitude smaller than the membrane curvatures they localize to. How are nanometer-scale proteins used to sense micrometer-scale membrane features? Here, we trace the journey of curvature-sensing proteins as they engage with lipid membranes through a combination of electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. We discuss how curvature sensing hinges on membrane features like lipid charge, packing, and the directionality of membrane curvature. Once bound to the membrane, many curvature sensors undergo self-assembly (i.e., they oligomerize or form higher-order assemblies that are key for initiating and regulating cell shape transformations). Central to these discussions are the micrometer-scale curvature-sensing proteins' septins. By discussing recent literature surrounding septin membrane association, assembly, and their many functions in morphogenesis with support from other well-studied curvature sensors, we aim to synthesize possible mechanisms underlining cell shape sensing.
本综述探讨了膜化学、曲率感应蛋白与细胞形态发生之间的关系。曲率感应蛋白的大小通常比它们所定位的膜曲率小几个数量级。纳米级的蛋白质是如何用于感知微米级的膜特征的呢？在这里，我们追踪曲率感应蛋白通过静电和疏水相互作用与脂质膜结合的过程。我们讨论了曲率感应如何取决于膜的特征，如脂质电荷、堆积以及膜曲率的方向性。一旦与膜结合，许多曲率传感器会进行自我组装（即它们会寡聚或形成更高阶的组装体，这对于启动和调节细胞形状转变至关重要）。这些讨论的核心是微米级的曲率感应蛋白——septin。通过讨论围绕septin膜结合、组装及其在形态发生中的多种功能的最新文献，并得到其他经过充分研究的曲率传感器的支持，我们旨在综合出细胞形状感知背后可能的机制。
