Degli Antoni Melania, Maifredi Giovanni, Storti Samuele, Tiecco Giorgio, Di Gregorio Marco, Rossi Benedetta, Gasparotti Cinzia, Focà Emanuele, Castelli Francesco, Quiros-Roldan Eugenia
Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, ASST Spedali Civili Di Brescia and University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
ATS Brescia (Brescia Health Protection Agency), Brescia, Italy.
Infection. 2024 Dec;52(6):2339-2350. doi: 10.1007/s15010-024-02288-9. Epub 2024 May 3.
Our Hospital in Northern Italy assists 3817 people living with HIV (PLWH) and has faced the impact of COVID-19. Little is known about the impact of HIV infection on the risk of post-COVID-19 conditions (PCCs) onset. We aim to assess the incidence of PCC in PLWH and the factors associated with its occurrence.
We performed a retrospective, observational study including all PLWH > 18 years registered in the Brescia Health Protection Agency database, assessing SARS-CoV-2 burden, vaccination status, socio-demographic, and viro-immunological parameters from February 2020 until May 2022. Persistence of self-reported symptoms (clustered into gastrointestinal, respiratory, osteo-muscular, and neuro-behavioral symptoms) was evaluated after 3 months by a telephone-administered questionnaire. We estimated the associations between all variables and outcomes through univariate and multivariable logistic models.
In the study period, 653 PLWH were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection (17.1%). We observed 19 (2.9%) reinfections, 71 (10.9%) hospitalizations, and 3 (0.5%) deaths. We interviewed 510/653 PLWH (78%), and 178 (PCCs prevalence 34.9%; CI 95% 30.7-39.2) reported persistent symptoms. Asthenia/fatigue was the most reported symptom (60/178), followed by muscular pain (54/178). In the multivariate regression model, there was a lower risk of PCCs in males respect to females (adjusted OR = 0.64; CI 95% 0.99-3.66), while hospitalization during acute infection was associated with an increased the risk of PCCs (adjusted OR = 1.9; CI 95% 0.99-3.66). Notably, no viro-immunological variable modified the PCCs risk onset.
Our study highlights a substantial prevalence of PCCs among PLWH, three months post-SARS-CoV-2 infection, independent of viro-immunological features or vaccination status.
我们位于意大利北部的医院为3817名艾滋病毒感染者（PLWH）提供治疗，并面临了新冠疫情的影响。关于艾滋病毒感染对新冠后状况（PCCs）发病风险的影响，目前所知甚少。我们旨在评估艾滋病毒感染者中PCCs的发病率及其发生的相关因素。
我们进行了一项回顾性观察研究，纳入了布雷西亚健康保护机构数据库中所有年龄大于18岁的艾滋病毒感染者，评估了2020年2月至2022年5月期间的新冠病毒负担、疫苗接种状况、社会人口统计学和病毒免疫参数。3个月后通过电话调查问卷评估自我报告症状（分为胃肠道、呼吸道、肌肉骨骼和神经行为症状）的持续情况。我们通过单变量和多变量逻辑模型估计所有变量与结果之间的关联。
在研究期间，653名艾滋病毒感染者被诊断出感染了新冠病毒（17.1%）。我们观察到19例（2.9%）再次感染、71例（10.9%）住院和3例（0.5%）死亡。我们对510/653名艾滋病毒感染者（78%）进行了访谈，其中178人（PCCs患病率34.9%；95%置信区间30.7 - 39.2）报告有持续症状。乏力/疲劳是最常报告的症状（60/178），其次是肌肉疼痛（54/178）。在多变量回归模型中，男性患PCCs的风险低于女性（调整后的比值比=0.64；95%置信区间0.99 - 3.66），而急性感染期间住院与PCCs风险增加相关（调整后的比值比=1.9；95%置信区间0.99 - 3.66）。值得注意的是，没有病毒免疫变量改变PCCs的发病风险。
我们的研究强调了在新冠病毒感染三个月后，艾滋病毒感染者中PCCs的患病率相当高，且与病毒免疫特征或疫苗接种状况无关。
