Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Teaching Hospital, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia.
Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Teaching Hospital, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia.
Immun Inflamm Dis. 2023 May;11(5):e859. doi: 10.1002/iid3.859.
A proportion of COVID19 survivors may present with long-COVID, which is persistent symptoms lasting four or more weeks post SARS-CoV-2 infection. These symptoms may be mild to severe, and may affect different organ-systems of the body.
The main objective of this study was to determine the demographic, clinical and immunological factors associated with long COVID.
MATERIALS & METHODS: We conducted a nested case control study, with a total of 94 study participants initially included, and 64 participants matched for age and sex for biomarker analyses.
32/94 (34.1%) of all the participants had long COVID. Respiratory symptoms were the most common (59.5%) followed by the musculoskeletal symptoms (28.1%). HIV was an independent predictor of long COVID (adjusted odds ratio = 2.7; p = .037). In all the 64 matched cases and controls, IFN-β was significantly higher among controls than cases. After stratifying by HIV, IL6 was significantly higher among cases than controls in the HIV- group (2.06 vs. 0.81 pg/mL; p = .02). On the other hand, IFN-β was significantly higher among controls than cases in the HIV+ group (251 vs. 0 pg/mL; p = .01).
HIV infection is a risk factor for long COVID, and inflammatory markers associated with long COVID may be slightly different for HIV- and HIV+ individuals.
一部分 COVID19 幸存者可能出现长新冠，即在 SARS-CoV-2 感染后持续四周或更长时间的症状。这些症状可能从轻到重，并且可能影响身体的不同器官系统。
本研究的主要目的是确定与长新冠相关的人口统计学、临床和免疫学因素。
我们进行了一项嵌套病例对照研究，最初共纳入 94 名研究参与者，其中 64 名参与者按年龄和性别匹配进行生物标志物分析。
94 名参与者中共有 32 名（34.1%）患有长新冠。最常见的症状是呼吸道症状（59.5%），其次是肌肉骨骼症状（28.1%）。HIV 是长新冠的独立预测因素（调整后的优势比=2.7；p=0.037）。在所有 64 名匹配的病例和对照中，IFN-β在对照组中明显高于病例组。在按 HIV 分层后，在 HIV-组中，IL6 在病例组中明显高于对照组（2.06 与 0.81 pg/mL；p=0.02）。另一方面，在 HIV+组中，IFN-β在对照组中明显高于病例组（251 与 0 pg/mL；p=0.01）。
HIV 感染是长新冠的危险因素，与长新冠相关的炎症标志物在 HIV-和 HIV+个体中可能略有不同。
