Exploring Central and Bridge Symptoms in Patients with Lung Cancer: A Network Analysis.

OBJECTIVES

This study aimed to identify symptom clusters in lung cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and the central and bridge symptoms within each symptom cluster.

METHODS

In this cross-sectional study, 1,255 patients with lung cancer were recruited through convenience sampling at Nanfang Hospital. Patient symptom burden was assessed using the M.D. Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI) and the Lung Cancer module of the MDASI (MDASI-LC). Symptom clusters were identified using the Walktrap algorithm, and central and bridge symptoms in the symptom clusters were identified by network analysis.

RESULTS

The patients included 818 (65.18%) males and 437 (34.82%) females with a mean age of 56.56 ± 11.78 years. Four symptom clusters were identified: fatigue, gastrointestinal, psychoneurological and respiratory. Their central symptoms were fatigue, vomiting, distress and hemoptysis, respectively, and their bridge symptoms were pain, vomiting, dry mouth and shortness of breath.

CONCLUSIONS

Lung cancer symptoms show certain strong correlations with each other, resulting in symptom clusters. Central symptoms may influence other symptoms within a symptom cluster, and bridge symptoms might impact the density of the symptom network. This study identified central and bridge symptoms in lung cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Targeting these symptoms with interventions for symptom clusters could make symptom management more precise and effective.

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE

In clinical settings, the burden of symptom clusters may be reduced by intervening against the central symptoms of these symptom clusters. Alternatively, if the objective is to diminish the connections between different symptom clusters and holistically alleviate the overall burden, interventions focused on bridge symptoms may be employed.