Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 5, 50-345, Wroclaw, Poland.
A. Falkiewicz Specialist Hospital in Wroclaw, Warszawska 2, 52-114 Wroclaw, Poland.
Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2024 Sep 1;590:112264. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112264. Epub 2024 May 3.
Reproductive factors play significantly important roles in determining the breast cancer (BC) risk. The impact of pregnancy, abortion, and birth control methods on tumor development remains unclear. It has been found that early full-term pregnancies in young women can lower their lifetime risk of developing the type of cancer in question. However, having a first full-term pregnancy at an older age can increase this risk. The relationship between pregnancy and breast cancer (BC) is, however, much more complicated. Both induced and spontaneous abortions lead to sudden changes in hormonal balance, which could cause different effects on sensitive breast epithelial cells, making abortion a potential risk factor for breast cancer. The influence of hormonal contraception on carcinogenesis is not comprehensively understood, and therefore, more exhaustive analysis of existing data and further investigation is needed. This review explores how the mentioned reproductive factors affect the risk of breast cancer (BC), focusing on the molecular mechanisms that contribute to its complexity. By comprehending this intricate network of relationships, we can develop new strategies for predicting and treating the disease.
生殖因素在确定乳腺癌（BC）风险方面起着非常重要的作用。妊娠、流产和避孕方法对肿瘤发展的影响尚不清楚。已经发现，年轻女性的早期足月妊娠可以降低她们一生中患所讨论类型癌症的风险。然而，年龄较大时第一次足月妊娠会增加这种风险。然而，妊娠与乳腺癌（BC）的关系要复杂得多。人工流产和自然流产都会导致激素平衡突然发生变化，这可能对敏感的乳腺上皮细胞产生不同的影响，使流产成为乳腺癌的一个潜在危险因素。激素避孕对致癌作用的影响尚未得到全面理解，因此需要对现有数据进行更详尽的分析和进一步研究。本综述探讨了上述生殖因素如何影响乳腺癌（BC）的风险，重点介绍了导致其复杂性的分子机制。通过理解这种复杂的关系网络，我们可以为疾病的预测和治疗制定新的策略。
