Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials & Tissue Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 235603, Taiwan.
International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 235603, Taiwan.
Function (Oxf). 2024 Mar 28;5(3):zqae012. doi: 10.1093/function/zqae012. eCollection 2024.
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a heterogeneous syndrome, comprising diverse etiologies of kidney insults that result in high mortality and morbidity if not well managed. Although great efforts have been made to investigate underlying pathogenic mechanisms of AKI, there are limited therapeutic strategies available. Extracellular vesicles (EV) are membrane-bound vesicles secreted by various cell types, which can serve as cell-free therapy through transfer of bioactive molecules. In this review, we first overview the AKI syndrome and EV biology, with a particular focus on the technical aspects and therapeutic application of cell culture-derived EVs. Second, we illustrate how multi-omic approaches to EV miRNA, protein, and genomic cargo analysis can yield new insights into their mechanisms of action and address unresolved questions in the field. We then summarize major experimental evidence regarding the therapeutic potential of EVs in AKI, which we subdivide into stem cell and non-stem cell-derived EVs. Finally, we highlight the challenges and opportunities related to the clinical translation of animal studies into human patients.
急性肾损伤 (AKI) 是一种异质性综合征，包括多种肾脏损伤的病因，如果处理不当，会导致高死亡率和发病率。尽管已经做出了巨大努力来研究 AKI 的潜在发病机制，但可用的治疗策略有限。细胞外囊泡 (EV) 是各种细胞分泌的膜结合囊泡，可通过传递生物活性分子作为无细胞治疗。在这篇综述中，我们首先概述了 AKI 综合征和 EV 生物学，特别关注细胞培养衍生 EV 的技术方面和治疗应用。其次，我们说明了多组学方法分析 EV miRNA、蛋白质和基因组货物如何为其作用机制提供新的见解，并解决该领域未解决的问题。然后，我们总结了关于 EV 在 AKI 中的治疗潜力的主要实验证据，我们将其分为干细胞和非干细胞衍生的 EV。最后，我们强调了将动物研究转化为人类患者的临床转化相关的挑战和机遇。
