Wang Jie, Zhang Zongying, Liang Rongxiang, Chen Wujun, Li Qian, Xu Jiazhen, Zhao Hongmei, Xing Dongming
Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, 266033, China.
Mater Today Bio. 2024 Apr 26;26:101068. doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101068. eCollection 2024 Jun.
Lymph nodes (LNs) occupy a critical position in initiating and augmenting immune responses, both spatially and functionally. In cancer immunotherapy, tumor-specific vaccines are blooming as a powerful tool to suppress the growth of existing tumors, as well as provide preventative efficacy against tumorigenesis. Delivering these vaccines more efficiently to LNs, where antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and T cells abundantly reside, is under extensive exploration. Formulating vaccines into nanomedicines, optimizing their physiochemical properties, and surface modification to specifically bind molecules expressed on LNs or APCs, are common routes and have brought encouraging outcomes. Alternatively, porous scaffolds can be engineered to attract APCs and provide an environment for them to mature, proliferate and migrate to LNs. A relatively new research direction is inducing the formation of LN-like organoids, which have shown positive relevance to tumor prognosis. Cutting-edge advances in these directions and discussions from a future perspective are given here, from which the up-to-date pattern of cancer vaccination will be drawn to hopefully provide basic guidance to future studies.
淋巴结（LNs）在启动和增强免疫反应方面，无论在空间上还是功能上都占据着关键地位。在癌症免疫治疗中，肿瘤特异性疫苗正蓬勃发展，成为抑制现有肿瘤生长以及预防肿瘤发生的有力工具。将这些疫苗更有效地递送至淋巴结（其中大量存在抗原呈递细胞（APC）和T细胞）正在进行广泛探索。将疫苗制成纳米药物、优化其物理化学性质以及进行表面修饰以特异性结合淋巴结或抗原呈递细胞上表达的分子，是常见的途径并且已经取得了令人鼓舞的成果。或者，可以设计多孔支架来吸引抗原呈递细胞，并为它们提供成熟、增殖和迁移至淋巴结的环境。一个相对较新的研究方向是诱导类淋巴结器官的形成，这已显示出与肿瘤预后呈正相关。本文给出了这些方向的前沿进展以及从未来角度的讨论，从中将勾勒出癌症疫苗接种的最新模式，有望为未来的研究提供基础指导。
