Sharma Uma, Jagannathan Naranamangalam R
Department of NMR & MRI Facility All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India.
Department of Radiology, Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute Chettinad Academy of Research & Education Kelambakkam India.
Anal Sci Adv. 2021 May 3;2(11-12):564-578. doi: 10.1002/ansa.202000160. eCollection 2021 Dec.
Breast cancer poses a significant health care challenge worldwide requiring early detection and effective treatment strategies for better patient outcome. A deeper understanding of the breast cancer biology and metabolism may help developing better diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Metabolomic studies give a comprehensive analysis of small molecule metabolites present in human tissues in vivo. The changes in the level of these metabolites provide information on the complex mechanism of the development of the disease and its progression. Metabolomic approach using analytical techniques such as magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has evolved as an important tool for identifying clinically relevant metabolic biomarkers. The metabolic characterization of breast lesions using in-vivo MRS has shown that malignant breast tissues contain elevated levels of choline containing compounds (tCho), suggesting rapid proliferation of cancer cells and alterations in membrane metabolism. Also, tCho has been identified as one of the important biomarkers that help to enhance the diagnostic accuracy of dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and also for monitoring treatment response. Further, metabolome of malignant tissues can be studied using ex vivo and in vitro MRS at high magnetic fields. This provided the advantage of detection of a large number of compounds that facilitated more comprehensive insight into the altered metabolic pathways associated with the cancer development and progression and also in identification of several metabolites as potential biomarkers. This article briefly reviews the role of MRS based metabolic profiling in the discovery of biomarkers and understanding of the altered metabolism in breast cancer.
乳腺癌在全球范围内对医疗保健构成了重大挑战，需要早期检测和有效的治疗策略以实现更好的患者预后。对乳腺癌生物学和代谢的更深入了解可能有助于开发更好的诊断和治疗方法。代谢组学研究全面分析了体内人体组织中存在的小分子代谢物。这些代谢物水平的变化提供了有关疾病发生及其进展的复杂机制的信息。使用磁共振波谱（MRS）等分析技术的代谢组学方法已发展成为识别临床相关代谢生物标志物的重要工具。使用体内MRS对乳腺病变进行代谢特征分析表明，恶性乳腺组织中含胆碱化合物（tCho）水平升高，这表明癌细胞快速增殖以及膜代谢发生改变。此外，tCho已被确定为有助于提高动态对比增强磁共振成像诊断准确性以及监测治疗反应的重要生物标志物之一。此外，可以在高磁场下使用离体和体外MRS研究恶性组织的代谢组。这提供了检测大量化合物的优势，有助于更全面地了解与癌症发生和进展相关的代谢途径改变，也有助于识别几种代谢物作为潜在的生物标志物。本文简要回顾了基于MRS的代谢谱分析在发现生物标志物和理解乳腺癌代谢改变方面的作用。
