Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
Colégio de Aplicação, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2024 Oct;24(10):633-640. doi: 10.1089/vbz.2023.0162. Epub 2024 May 8.
Madariaga virus (MADV), a member of the eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) complex, circulates in Latin America and exhibits distinct evolutionary and ecological features compared to the North American EEEV. While published data have shed light on MADV ecology, several key aspects remain unknown. In this study, we compiled data on virus isolation, vector competence, and animal serology collected over six decades in Latin America to identify critical knowledge gaps on MADV transmission and ecology. Specific vertebrate animals serving as amplifying hosts and the mosquito species acting as enzootic and epizootic vectors have not yet been identified. Other aspects that remain unclear are the virus current geographic distribution, the role of equines as hosts in epizootic cycles, and the full impact of MADV on human health in endemic regions. The numerous knowledge gaps surrounding MADV, its widespread distribution in Latin America, and its potential to cause severe disease in animals and humans emphasize the urgent need for increased research efforts, heightened awareness, and intensified surveillance towards this potential emerging threat.
马德拉病毒（MADV）是东部马脑炎病毒（EEEV）复合物的成员，在拉丁美洲传播，并表现出与北美的 EEEV 不同的进化和生态特征。尽管已发表的数据揭示了 MADV 的生态学，但仍有几个关键方面尚不清楚。在这项研究中，我们编译了拉丁美洲六十多年来收集的病毒分离、媒介效能和动物血清学数据，以确定关于 MADV 传播和生态学的关键知识空白。作为扩增宿主的特定脊椎动物以及作为地方性和流行性媒介的蚊子种类尚未确定。其他不清楚的方面包括病毒的当前地理分布、马在流行周期中的宿主作用以及 MADV 对流行地区人类健康的全部影响。MADV 周围存在许多知识空白，它在拉丁美洲的广泛分布以及它在动物和人类中引起严重疾病的潜力，强调了迫切需要加强研究工作、提高认识和加强对这一潜在新出现威胁的监测。
